Hydraulic Loss Coefficients for Culverts (2012) / Chapter Skim
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From page 5... ...
5 2.1 Summary Concerns about roadway crossings for fish, debris, and terrestrial animals have promoted the development of alternative designs for culverts that are larger than traditional culverts, use buried-invert (embedded) circular or elliptical barrel shapes or bottomless arches, and often span the existing bank-full channel or feature a simulated streambed.
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6important to consider in decisions regarding culvert size, pipe material, and culvert end treatments for buried-invert culvert designs. A review of publications related to the hydraulics of buried-invert culverts for fish passage produced a significant amount of information; very little information was found regarding buried-invert culvert hydraulics (i.e., entrance loss coefficients and inlet control head-discharge relationships)
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7 walls were installed, one on each side of the culvert inlet, creating the channelized approach with a ratio of channel width to culvert horizontal span of 2. The wing walls were approximately four times the culvert span in length.
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8Figure 2-3. Buried-invert culvert end treatments evaluated: (A)
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9 12-in. circular culvert 24-in.
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10 Figure 2-6. Buried-invert test culvert cross-sectional geometries.
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11 pressure tap that was used to measure Hw in the upstream reservoir is identified in Figure 2-7. The entrance loss coefficient, ke, and the inlet control regression constants, K, M, c, and Y, were determined for both submerged and unsubmerged inlet conditions.
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12 Figure 2-10. Circular culvert, 20% buried invert, entrance loss coefficient data.
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13 Figure 2-12. Circular culvert, 50% buried invert, entrance loss coefficient data.
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14 Circular culvert inlet end treatment ke 9.0 epols llif morf gnitcejorP 7.0 epols llif ot deretiM 5.0 llawdaeh htiw degde-erauqS 45° beveled edge with headwall 0.2 Table 2-3. Circular culvert entrance loss coefficients from HDS-5 (Normann et al., 2001)
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From page 15... ...
15 each approach flow condition for the thin-wall projecting end treatment. Regression constants for the square-edged inlet with vertical headwall, 45° beveled inlet with vertical headwall, and mitered flush to 1.5 horizontal to 1.0 vertical fill slope end treatments were developed by combining both the ponded and channelized data since channelization had a minimal effect on the inlet efficiency.
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From page 16... ...
16 Figure 2-17. Elliptical culvert, 50% buried invert, inlet control Form 2 (Equation 1-3)
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17 the inlet control head-discharge design curves determined in this study will assist in evaluating the hydraulic capacity of buried-invert culverts. Based on the experimental results of the entrance loss coefficient data and inlet control head-discharge data for the 20%, 40%, and 50% buried-invert circular culverts and the 50% buried-invert elliptical culvert with four different end treatments, the following conclusions are made: 1.
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