Hydraulic Loss Coefficients for Culverts (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 60-67
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From page 60... ...
60 7.1 Summary Manning's Equation, which is used to estimate the headdischarge relationships in open channel flow applications, states that the mean channel flow velocity is inversely proportional to the Manning's n hydraulic roughness coefficient and proportional to the hydraulic radius raised to an exponent (x′)
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From page 61... ...
61 3.281(1-x′) for English Standard Units; and Cc, f, and n are equation-specific hydraulic roughness coefficients.
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62 Equations for Variable Roughness Coefficients Bathurst (2002) stated that some researchers have found success in using empirical formulas based on a power law relationship in the form of Equation 7-7 to describe hydraulic roughness coefficient variations: V V a R k h b = ( )
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From page 63... ...
63 orifice flow meters located in the supply piping. Flow depths were measured using a precision point gage, readable to 0.008 in., attached to a movable carriage located above the flume.
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From page 64... ...
64 equal to the ²⁄³ value used by Manning (see Equation 7-4)
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Figure 7-1. Equivalent Manning's n coefficients (nc, n, and nopt)
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From page 66... ...
66 The prospect of developing equations specific to the boundary roughness type as well as the size, density, and distribution of the individual roughness elements is a somewhat daunting task. Manning's (1889)
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From page 67... ...
67 7.6 Conclusions When applying Manning's Equation, the assumption is often made that n is a constant value, independent of flow depth and discharge for a given channel lining material. An inspection of the experimental data from the current study and from Bazin's (1865)
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