Improving Our Understanding of How Highway Congestion and Pricing Affect Travel Demand (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 24-31
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24 C h a p t e r 1 three Levels of Specification The research agenda for the SHRP 2 C04 project topic required attention to both theoretical and applied perspectives. Succinctly stated, the primary objectives are as follows: • Theory and Research.
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25 the choice hierarchy. For example, a traveler's acquisition of an E-ZPass or transponder may be linked to his or her subsequent choice of payment type (at the lower level of the behavioral hierarchy)
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26 dimensions and numerical realizations in the microsimulation process. Incorporation of results in applied travel Models It is important to note that each level is not independent and disconnected from the others.
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27 travel demand models. Congestion is associated not only with longer average travel times, but also with higher levels of unreliability (unpredictability)
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28 The following specific preroute factors (beyond travel time and cost) should be considered and estimated for all types of priced facilities: • Reliability.
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29 k = 4 represents walk access or egress time (e.g., from the parking lot to the trip destination) ; k = 5 represents extra time associated with carpooling (i.e., picking up and dropping off passengers)
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30 following key structural dimensions or components of demand models: • Primary Choice Dimensions. Models are grouped by primary choice dimensions that relate to congestion and pricing (e.g., route, TOD, and mode choices)
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31 user responses to pricing in a network setting. New algorithms that exploit nonparametric, multicriteria shortestpath procedures allow VOT (which determines users' choice of path and mode in response to prices)
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