Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems: Second Edition (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 195-205
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Visibility of Lane Markings .
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VISIBILITY OF LANE MARKINGS Introduction Visibility of lane markings refers to the ease with which drivers can see and follow longitudinal lane markings. Lane markings are designed for a certain preview time, the amount of time that drivers look ahead on the roadway.
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Discussion Preview time: There is some disagreement regarding the minimum amount of preview time that should be provided for drivers. Rumar and Marsh (2)
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EFFECTIVENESS OF SYMBOLIC MARKINGS Introduction Effectiveness of symbolic markings refers to the degree to which drivers follow and understand text or symbols on the roadway. A major component of pavement markings is horizontal signing, which is composed of sign text that is painted on the roadway.
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Discussion Speed reduction in horizontal curves : In an on-road study of horizontal signing to reduce speeds before horizontal curves, Chry sler and Schrock ( 1 ) found that the text "Curve 55 mph" reduced speeds on a rural road by approximately 4 mi/h more than the control treatment.
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MARKINGS FOR PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLIST SAFETY Introduction Markings for pedestrian and bicyclist safety refers to pavement marking techniques to encourage safe practices for road sharing by vehicles, pedestrians, and bicycles. Pedestrian markings include crosswalks, which are defined as marked or unmarked extensions of sidewalks or shoulders across intersections (1)
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Discussion Crosswalks: Zeeger et al.
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P OST -M OUNTED D ELINEATOR S Introduction Post-mounted delineators (PMDs) are a type of retroreflective marking device mounted above the roadway surface and along the side of the roadway in a series to indicate the alignment of the roadway.
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Discussion Spacing: Charlton ( 3) found that drivers' perceptions of speed and curvature appear to work at both a conscious (explicit)
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MARKINGS FOR ROUNDABOUTS Introduction Markings for roundabouts refers to pavement markings on the entrances to and exits from roundabout intersections. Roundabout intersections are defined by the MUTCD (1)
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Discussion Luminance contrast: Staplin, Lococo, Byington, and Harkey (3) recommended that retroreflective markings should be applied to the sides and tops of the curbs on the splitter islands and the central island.
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