Application of LADAR in the Analysis of Aggregate Characteristics (2012) / Chapter Skim
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From page 55... ...
55 In this chapter, comparisons of the aggregate dimensions using the FTI system and manual measurement will first be discussed for the coarse aggregates in Set 1. The relationship between the FTI calculated dimensions and the manually measured dimensions can be followed with a linear regression, indicating the accuracy of the FTI system.
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From page 56... ...
56 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 BFS 3/8'' CO 3/8'' DLT 3/8'' GGC 3/8'' GGR 3/8'' IO 3/8'' LST 3/8'' FT I S ph er ic ity Manual Measured Sphericity Regression lines BFS 3/8'' y = 0.6442x + 0.2607, R2 = 0.8751 CO 3/8'' y = 0.7522x + 0.2161, R2 = 0.9108 DLT 3/8'' y = 0.7501x + 0.2313, R2 = 0.9448 GGC 3/8'' y = 0.7068x + 0.298, R2 = 0.8916 GGR 3/8'' y = 0.8665x + 0.1754, R2 = 0.9271 IO 3/8'' y = 1.1001x - 0.0721, R2 = 0.9675 LST 3/8'' y = 1.118x - 0.0507, R2 = 0.9097 Figure 6-3. FTI sphericity versus manually measured sphericity for 3⁄8-in.
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From page 57... ...
57 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 BFS #4 CO #4 DLT #4 GGC #4 GGR #4 IO #4 LST #4 FT I S ph er ic ity Manual Measured Sphericity Regression lines BFS #4 y = 1.1879x - 0.1369, R2 = 0.962 CO #4 y = 1.19x - 0.0842, R2 = 0.9569 DLT #4 y = 0.7776x + 0.0987, R2 = 0.9571 GGC #4 y = 1.1713x - 0.1089, R2 = 0.9111 GGR #4 y = 1.1262x - 0.0953, R2 = 0.9336 IO #4 y = 0.7615x + 0.1254, R2 = 0.8825 LST #4 y = 1.1494x - 0.0715, R2 = 0.9353 Figure 6-4. FTI sphericity versus manually measured sphericity for #4 aggregates.
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From page 58... ...
58 1/2" Aggregates Blast Furnace Slag Copper Ore Dolomite Glacial Gravel – Crushed Glacial Gravel – Rounded Iron Ore Limestone Angularity FTI Mean 2.44 × 10 0.98 × 10 0.60 × 10 1.46 × 10 0.97 × 10 1.00 × 10 1.90 × 10 Standard deviation 5.18 × 10 1.14 × 10 1.13 × 10 2.51 × 10 1.11 × 10 1.04 × 10 4.54 × 10 AIMS II Mean 3040.72 3126.44 2864.42 2650.92 1362.78 2932.80 2859.35 Standard deviation 833.09 604.35 697.83 612.77 624.87 515.95 631.80 UIAIA Mean 367.51 394.23 333.59 458.09 239.89 – 357.07 Standard deviation 80.71 77 55.15 108.54 83.19 – 51.69 Texture FTI Mean 9.57 × 10 4.69 × 10 2.86 × 10 2.70 × 10 3.54 × 10 5.17 × 10 4.60 × 10 Standard deviation 13.70 × 10 5.68 × 10 5.18 × 10 3.37 × 10 4.32 × 10 6.47 × 10 8.38 × 10 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 -6 AIMS II Mean 574.74 365.75 259.11 322.72 217.55 243.40 270.21 Standard deviation 155.81 120.04 113.33 188.26 145.06 112.90 122.26 UIAIA Mean 1.12 1.19 0.92 2.15 1.00 – 0.91 Standard deviation 0.39 0.44 0.39 0.98 0.76 – 0.27 Table 6-3. Angularity and texture using FTI, AIMS II, and UIAIA for ½-in.
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From page 59... ...
59 3/8" Aggregates Blast Furnace Slag Copper Ore Dolomite Glacial Gravel – Crushed Glacial Gravel – Rounded Iron Ore Limestone Angularity FTI Mean 2.19 × 10-4 0.75 × 10-4 0.87 × 10-4 1.47 × 10-4 1.09 × 10-4 10.9 × 10-4 3.32 × 10-4 Standard deviation 4.48 × 10-4 1.09 × 10-4 0.97 × 10-4 1.98 × 10-4 1.94 × 10-4 23.6 × 10-4 6.33 × 10-4 AIMS II Mean 3005.16 3276.11 2675.33 2621.36 1294.42 1625.2 2745.29 Standard deviation 551.28 815.64 632.1 756.18 839.81 625.31 559.12 UIAIA Mean 339.55 359.97 324.19 447.43 258.84 – 343.73 Standard deviation 51.31 78.38 59.69 85.5 92.44 – 50.22 Texture FTI Mean 9.48 × 10-6 3.84 × 10-6 3.59 × 10-6 6.94 × 10-6 4.81 × 10-6 80.3 × 10-6 15.9 × 10-6 Standard deviation 11.8 × 10-6 6.19 × 10-6 3.92 × 10-6 10.0 × 10-6 15.5 × 10-6 304.0 × 10-6 32.6 × 10-6 AIMS II Mean 538.94 339.83 239.18 273.31 169.35 154.43 258.47 Standard deviation 137.83 113.31 100.19 140.35 82.29 123.2 100.65 UIAIA Mean 0.86 1.42 1.14 1.66 0.92 – 0.95 Standard deviation 0.27 0.67 0.46 0.69 0.53 – 0.39 Table 6-4. Angularity and texture using FTI, AIMS II, and UIAIA for 3⁄8-in.
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From page 60... ...
60 the roughest surfaces, whereas crushed glacial gravel and rounded glacial gravel are less angular aggregates with the smoothest surfaces. In terms of the AIMS II results, rounded glacial gravel aggregates have the smallest angularity index, corresponding to the smoothest surfaces with least angularity, of all the aggregates.
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From page 61... ...
61 0 5 10 15 20 25 3/8'' Aggregates in Aggregate set 1 1=Smooth, 25=Rough FTI AIMSII UIAIA A ng ul ar ity ra nk in g FTI AIMSII UIAIA 1=Least angular, 25=Most angular 0 5 10 15 20 25 BFS CO DLT GGC GGR IO LST Te xt ur e ra nk in g Note: BFS=Blast furnace slag; CO=Copper ore; DLT=Dolomite; GGC=Glacial gravel crushed; GGR=Glacial gravel rounded; IO=Iron ore; LST=Limestone. Figure 6-7.
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From page 62... ...
62 or texture of an aggregate before and after the Micro-Deval test, divided by the angularity and texture of the aggregates before testing. Figure 6-9(a)
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From page 63... ...
63 BFS CO DLT GGC GGR 0 1 2 3 4 5 A ng ul ar ity ra nk in g FTI #16 AIMS II #16 Note: BFS=Blast furnace slag; CO=Copper ore; DLT=Dolomite; GGC=Glacial gravel crushed; GGR=Glacial gravel rounded. Figure 6-11.
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From page 64... ...
64 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Cu m ul at iv e pe rc en ta ge (% ) Sphericity Glacial Gravel Crushed 3/4'' Glacial Gravel Crushed 1/2'' Glacial Gravel Crushed 3/8'' Glacial Gravel Crushed #4 Glacial Gravel Rounded 3/4'' Glacial Gravel Rounded 1/2'' Glacial Gravel Rounded 3/8'' Glacial Gravel Rounded #4 Figure 6-12.
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From page 65... ...
65 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Cu m ul at iv e pe rc en ta ge (% ) Elongation ratio Glacial Gravel Crushed 3/4'' Glacial Gravel Crushed 1/2'' Glacial Gravel Crushed 3/8'' Glacial Gravel Crushed #4 Glacial Gravel Rounded 3/4'' Glacial Gravel Rounded 1/2'' Glacial Gravel Rounded 3/8'' Glacial Gravel Rounded #4 Figure 6-14.
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From page 66... ...
66 Test Method Aggregate Imaging System Estimated Equipment Cost ($) Analysis Speed Accuracy Ease of Use Repeatability Dynamic Digital Image Method VDG-40 videograder 45,000 H M M L Computerized particle analyzer 25,000 H M M M Micrometrics Optisizer particle size distribution analyzer (PSDA)
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From page 67... ...
67 Aggregate Imaging System Aggregate Size Range No. of Cameras Dimension(s)
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