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From page 37... ... 37 Overview of Intelligent Transportation Systems In the broadest sense, ITS applications encompass a diverse and rapidly changing range of wireless and wired communications-based information and electronics technologies. Although many metropolitan areas have developed and continue to develop and expand local and regional roadway and transit traveler information systems using ITS technology, few existing systems address ground access requirements specific to airport travelers or are coordinated effectively with current airport traveler information systems. Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... 38 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information ITS should also be looked at from a systems perspective. The scope of ITS includes transportation centers, vehicles, field devices, users, and the various communication systems between them. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 39 The immediate future of ITS development and deployment will continue to be greatly influenced by federal legislation. The previous authorization bill (SAFETEA-LU) Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... 40 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information known as the General Transit Feed Service (GTFS) for the exchange of transit information to provide real-time updates, which is currently utilized by more than 100 transit agencies. Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 41 • Smartphones, • Email/text alerts, • 511 systems, and • Radio (including HAR) Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... 42 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information • Unit costs -- Unit construction/implementation cost ranges are provided for each technology. The following percentage breakdown can be expected for other project-related costs: – Engineering design -- 10 to 15 percent of construction cost, – System integration -- 20 to 35 percent of construction/implementation cost, – Construction engineering and inspection -- 15 to 20 percent of construction cost, – Contractor mobilization -- 5 to 7 percent of construction cost, – Traffic control -- 5 to 10 percent of construction cost, and – Other construction items -- 15 percent of construction cost. Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 43 Primary Uses The primary types of ground access traveler information disseminated by airport websites include: • Directions to the airport; • Airport roads information; • Access route conditions and delays; • Regional traffic information; • Ground transportation providers and services; • Parking information, including location, availability, rates by type, and shuttle bus access information; • Flight/gate information; • Cell phone lot information; • Security wait time; • Passenger pick-up information; and • Location/wait time for baggage claim. Functional Requirements The functional requirements define the functions that the system must have and perform in order to satisfy the business needs of the organization implementing it. Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... 44 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information developed Traffic Management Data Dictionary (TMDD) standards to support center-to-center communications as part of the regional deployment of ITS in order for centers to cooperate in the management of a corridor, arterial, incident mitigation, etc. Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 45 transit information, parking information such as location of parked car, traveler services or special event information, and other information tailored to a traveler's request or profile. They should be located where large numbers of people congregate or gather. Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... 46 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information a list of functional requirements for a kiosk, compiled using the National ITS Architecture as a guide: 1. The public interface for travelers shall receive traffic information from a center and present it to the traveler upon request. Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 47 System Integrity. The system should ensure that information is protected from unauthorized intentional or unintentional modifications. Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... 48 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information • Construction messages, • Terminal curbside conditions, and • Highlighting changes in roadway configurations or airport destinations. The roadway version of the DMS is merely a larger version of the same sign and technology utilized for pedestrian wayfinding within airport terminals and concourses. Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 49 Existing Device Inventory. The airport should have a list of all equipment that is owned, operated, and maintained by the airport. Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... 50 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information number, and status of the flight (i.e., boarding, departed, delayed, etc.) Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 51 Costs Capital costs for MUFIDs are listed in Table 12. These costs may vary depending on the specific installation parameters. Read the entire page →
From page 52... ... 52 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information Functional Requirements The functional requirements define the functions that the system must have and perform in order to satisfy the business needs of the organization implementing it. The following is a list of functional requirements for providing travelers with information via a smartphone application, compiled using the National ITS Architecture as a guide: 1. Read the entire page →
From page 53... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 53 Benefits • Increases transportation system efficiency and capacity. • Reduces energy consumption and environmental costs. Read the entire page →
From page 54... ... 54 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information information, such as travel alerts. In the latest surveys of mobile phone use, only about 25 percent of all cell phone subscribers in the United States have smartphones, so SMS has the ability to reach a much larger audience than email alerts. Read the entire page →
From page 55... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 55 System Availability. The system should protect critical services to prevent degradation or denial of service to users. Read the entire page →
From page 56... ... 56 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information • Parking information, and • Trip planning. Functional Requirements The functional requirements define the functions that the system must have and perform in order to satisfy the business needs of the organization implementing it. Read the entire page →
From page 57... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 57 Costs Airport travel information could be integrated into an existing regional 511 system with little cost to the airport aside from costs associated with formatting and sharing data. The cost range listed in Table 15 is for a scenario where an airport would develop its own 511 system that would provide airport travel information for a single metropolitan area. Read the entire page →
From page 58... ... 58 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information 2. The center shall disseminate maintenance and construction information to travelers, including scheduled maintenance and construction work activities and work zone activities. Read the entire page →
From page 59... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 59 airports are offering additional amenities within the cell phone lot in order to entice drivers to remain in the lot until their party is ready for pick-up. Transportation management centers exist in almost every major metropolitan area for the purpose of freeway and arterial management. Read the entire page →
From page 60... ... 60 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information Source: Intelligent Devices, Inc. Figure 19. Read the entire page →
From page 61... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 61 The primary function of an APMS is to provide parkers with real-time parking availability information, so that they can find an available space in a timely manner. This leads to better space utilization, less circulation in parking facilities, and better overall customer service. Read the entire page →
From page 62... ... Source: Intelligent Devices, Inc. Figure 23. Read the entire page →
From page 63... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 63 • Availability of communications infrastructure, • Availability of electrical service connections, and • Amount of new wayfinding and dynamic signage required to convey the information. A range of capital cost per parking space for a parking and guidance system that leads a driver to an available space is listed in Table 17. Read the entire page →
From page 64... ... 64 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information Cell Phone Lot Capital Cost Annual O&M Cost Installation cost of lot per parking space $7 12K TBD MUFID (20' × 10' display) $250K $6K Table 18. Read the entire page →
From page 65... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 65 Traveler Information and Incident Management Although travelers can commonly access information regarding congestion and delays for the freeway portion of their trip and sometimes the arterial network, they are often uncertain as to how long activities will take once on airport property such as parking, returning a rental car, riding a shuttle to the terminal, checking bags, and getting through security -- all in time to catch a flight. The same uncertainties also exist for a traveler arriving at an airport and needing information to plan their departing trip to off-airport destinations. Read the entire page →
From page 66... ... 66 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information Considerations Related to ITS Deployment In addition to identifying and selecting ITS technologies that meet airport traveler needs (including the needs of disabled travelers) , airports should also consider deploying technologies that meet current ITS standards to ensure interoperability of devices across partnering organizations and phased deployments. Read the entire page →
From page 67... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 67 able systems at local, regional, and national levels without impeding innovation as technology advances and new approaches evolve (USDOT, 2009b) Read the entire page →
From page 68... ... 68 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information – Commercial vehicle operations regulation; and – Any mix of these. Data/Resource Sharing Connecting with other regional information sources and distribution systems is a key component of ITS. Read the entire page →
From page 69... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 69 • Training on use of the data; • Intellectual property rights; • Standardization of data format; • Monitoring usage of traveler information services; • Liability for data quality and availability; and • Sharing of third-party entity revenue with airport in exchange for data. Typically, data and/or resource sharing agreements between agencies are in the form of a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) Read the entire page →
From page 70... ... 70 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information The value that an airport will receive by investing in the deployment of ITS technologies for the purpose of meeting airport travelers' information needs, reducing their stress associated with getting to and from the airport in a timely manner, and ultimately reaching their gate more efficiently/faster is not something that can be easily measured. Generally speaking, the only way to measure customer satisfaction is through surveys. Read the entire page →
From page 71... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 71 As an example, a commuter route in Seattle, Washington, has a travel time of 12 minutes with no congestion on the route, a travel time of 18 minutes on a typical weekday, and a travel time of about 25 minutes with a combination of weather and incident delays. If commuters were to plan their routes based on the average travel time, they would be early half the time and late half the time (Cambridge Systematics, 2005) Read the entire page →
From page 72... ... 72 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information provides documentation on estimating benefits to support FAA investment decisions in FAA Guidelines for Benefits Estimation. The FAA benefits estimation has the following guiding principles (FAA, 2010b) Read the entire page →
From page 73... ... ItS and Strategies to Meet airport traveler Information Needs 73 ITS Application Area Benefit Performance Measures Advanced Traveler Information Increase transportation system efficiency and capacity Traffic flows/volumes Volume-to-capacity ratio Vehicle hours of delay Queue lengths Average vehicle occupancy Use of transit and high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) modes Intermodal transfer time Infrastructure operating costs Vehicle operating costs Enhance mobility Number of trips taken Individual travel time Travel time variability Travel cost Vehicle miles traveled Exposure to crashes and incidents Reduce energy consumption and environmental costs Emissions Fuel consumption Vehicle fuel efficiency Improve safety Number of crashes Number of incidents Number of injuries/fatalities Incident response times Medical/insurance costs Increase economic productivity Travel time savings Operating cost savings Manpower savings Vehicle maintenance/depreciation Information-gathering costs Integration of transportation systems Cell Phone Lot Increase transportation system efficiency and capacity Traffic flows/volumes Volume-to-capacity ratio Vehicle hours of delay Queue lengths Infrastructure operating costs Vehicle operating costs Reduce energy consumption and environmental costs Emissions Fuel consumption Improve safety Number of illegally parked vehicles Congestion at curbside Improve customer service Fuel consumption Customer anxiety/stress Advanced Parking Management System Reduce circulation in lots and garages Traffic flows/volumes Infrastructure operating costs Vehicle operating costs Reduce energy consumption and environmental costs Emissions Fuel consumption Increase space occupancy and revenue Vacancy rate Revenue Improve customer service Average time to find parking spot Customer frustration/stress Source: Kristof, Lowry, & Rutherford (2005) Read the entire page →

From page 37...

... 37 Overview of Intelligent Transportation Systems In the broadest sense, ITS applications encompass a diverse and rapidly changing range of wireless and wired communications-based information and electronics technologies. Although many metropolitan areas have developed and continue to develop and expand local and regional roadway and transit traveler information systems using ITS technology, few existing systems address ground access requirements specific to airport travelers or are coordinated effectively with current airport traveler information systems.