The National Academies Press

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Pages 84-101

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From page 84... ... 84 This chapter provides a basic framework for the implementation of ITS strategies and associated technologies by airports for airport ground access travelers. This framework is the link between the planning-level tasks such as the identification of ITS technologies that match the airport and user needs and the design tasks, which include the identification of project-specific details. Read the entire page →
From page 85... ... Framework for Implementation 85 Many studies performed by the International Council of Systems Engineering have demonstrated that the use of the systems engineering process for project development helps ITS project managers reduce the risk of schedule and cost overruns and increase the likelihood that the implemented project will meet the user's needs. Furthermore, the following associated benefits have been attributed to the use of systems engineering (FHWA and Caltrans, 2009) Read the entire page →
From page 86... ... 86 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information Stakeholder Group Description Passengers (Arriving, Departing) Airport passengers, both arriving and departing, have a variety of characteristics based on trip purpose, residential status, and mode choice that influence their need for reliable and timely ground access information. Read the entire page →
From page 87... ... Framework for Implementation 87 Assess Needs/Identify Problems To ensure that the deployed system will meet the needs of the project's stakeholders, a needs assessment should be performed early on in the project development process and be re-visited throughout. The goal of involving all key stakeholders early on in the project planning is to elicit needs as well as constraints from a diverse range of sources. Read the entire page →
From page 88... ... 88 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information Develop System Requirements System requirements must define the functions, performance, and environment of the system under development to a level that can then be built by a contractor. In addition to assisting in the identification and engagement of stakeholders, the airport project manager should also be involved in validating the requirements to ensure that the correct requirements are developed. Read the entire page →
From page 89... ... Framework for Implementation 89 Passenger Facility Charge Program The Passenger Facility Charge (PFC) Program allows the collection of PFC fees up to $4.50 for every enplaned passenger at commercial airports controlled by public agencies. Read the entire page →
From page 90... ... 90 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information agency and use components embodying technology that may have advanced substantially in the time between the development of the project concept and the project implementation. Because of these complexities and uncertainties, the low-bid contracting process that transportation agencies traditionally use to purchase capital improvements often is not the best approach for ITS procurements (Marshall & Tarnoff, 2006) Read the entire page →
From page 91... ... Framework for Implementation 91 and should be referred to in combination with NCHRP Report 560 for more detailed information. Generally speaking, the factors that affect the selection of the appropriate project delivery method include the wide range in size, scope, and cost of airport projects; security issues; the need for the airport to remain in operation during construction; the complexity of airport systems; stakeholders; and types of funding. Read the entire page →
From page 92... ... 92 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information achieved through project implementation, available resources and funding, as well as necessary institutional and jurisdictional support. Furthermore, the scope of deployment of any phase of a project may be limited based on a lack of any one of these criteria. Read the entire page →
From page 93... ... Framework for Implementation 93 Custom software may be developed to ease the data integration effort, but it is expensive and time consuming to specify, develop, and monitor and will remain proprietary for the life of the system. Institutional integration involves cooperation and coordination between various agencies and jurisdictions to achieve seamless operations and interoperability. Read the entire page →
From page 94... ... 94 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information communication and monitoring, pneumatic tube mail distribution networks, GPS, and air traffic control centers. Safety and Security of the System This section describes the ongoing safety and security issues that airports must manage related to the integration and sharing of information between technology systems. Read the entire page →
From page 95... ... Framework for Implementation 95 accurately describes and controls the functional and physical characteristics of the end product being developed, thereby establishing system integrity. It is extremely important that the system/ component documentation is complete to the extent that the system's owner can use another qualified team to upgrade and maintain the system independent of the initial development team. Read the entire page →
From page 96... ... 96 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information show the location of and type of equipment to be installed, its interface with existing systems, construction notes, and an estimate of the quantity and type of material to be installed. The technical specifications are developed to further define the materials and equipment to be installed. Read the entire page →
From page 97... ... Framework for Implementation 97 • Establish integration testing procedures, which should include the following, at a minimum: – Verify data integrity, – Verify diagnostic messages, – Introduce potential failures and threats, – Evaluate performance under degraded conditions, – Verify diagnostic messages, and – Perform normal transaction tests; • Conduct subsystem integration testing; and • Integrate subsystems into final system. Verify System This section describes the system verification process, which is used to accept the system from the development/deployment team. Read the entire page →
From page 98... ... 98 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information The last thing that an owner wants to discover is that the wrong system was built just as it is becoming operational. This is why the systems engineering approach seeks to validate the products that lead up to the final operational system to maximize the chances of a successful system validation at the end of the project. Read the entire page →
From page 99... ... Framework for Implementation 99 • Identify initial and ongoing personnel training procedures, special skills, tools, and other resources; • Identify operations- and maintenance-related data to be collected and how it is to be processed and reported; and • Identify methods to be used to monitor the effectiveness of operations and maintenance. The level of operations and maintenance support the airport administration will need to provide will vary based on the maintenance method selected, the size of the system, and the normal operating hours of the airport. Read the entire page →
From page 100... ... 100 Guidebook for Implementing Intelligent transportation Systems elements to Improve airport traveler access Information • System availability -- the time that the system provides its designed functionality, expressed in hours. Typically, this excludes scheduled downtime due to maintenance or system administration activities; and • System reliability -- similar to system availability but expressed as the probability that the system will be available to perform as intended. Read the entire page →
From page 101... ... Framework for Implementation 101 emergency response maintenance by contract forces. The type and level of maintenance activities, along with length of maintenance period, could be varied to provide options for the airport based on available funding. Read the entire page →

From page 84...

... 84 This chapter provides a basic framework for the implementation of ITS strategies and associated technologies by airports for airport ground access travelers. This framework is the link between the planning-level tasks such as the identification of ITS technologies that match the airport and user needs and the design tasks, which include the identification of project-specific details.