Role of Human Factors in Preventing Cargo Tank Truck Rollovers (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 27-53
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27 The objective of HMCRP Project 13, "The Role of Human Factors in Preventing Cargo Tank Truck Rollovers," is to understand root causes and driver influences that are involved in -- and good company practices that seek to mitigate -- the approximately 1,200 cargo tank truck rollovers that occur each year in the United States. The risks and stakes are high with cargo tank trucks: liquid contents subject the vehicle to higher centrifugal forces than general cargo, leaving the driver with a smaller margin of error.
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28 ular situation. It includes recommended actions for both management (e.g., vehicle selection and trip planning)
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29 Because drivers sometimes have an antagonistic relationship with law enforcement officers, officers do not wear their uniform when they meet with drivers. A road agency shirt identifies who they are, but has been found to be less intimidating.
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30 Bringing the VicRoads Program to North America The VicRoads material was developed by and for Australians. Part of this project was to study what would be involved in bringing the VicRoads program to the tank carriers of North America.
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31 driver is fit for duty upon arrival at work, as in Case Study 3 in Section 6.3. A good overall safety program evolves, according to the lessons learned from mishaps -- either within the company or in others.
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32 Smaller companies would need to be provided narratives and sketches of rollovers from, perhaps, their insurance carrier. One carrier parked severely damaged vehicles at the terminal before sending them to the salvage yard.
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33 – Did the driver ignore available information and road signs? • Was the turn safe at 44 mph when empty, but not when loaded or with a retain?
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34 though more meticulous than most carriers would conduct, is an example of examining all possible contributing factors. Many factors are at work, and the investigator needs to understand how they interact with one another.
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35 be more generally useful throughout the organization if it includes titles and positions rather than individual names. Also, the process will be less threatening to individuals if they know their name will not appear.
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36 clusters or patterns that may indicate areas where instances of large truck rollovers are especially likely. Soon, ATRI will release a publication of "truck rollover hot spots" that will highlight the top ten rollover locations for each state in terms of both the raw number of rollover incidents and rollover rates (expressed as the number of trucks experiencing a rollover per one million trucks operating on a road segment)
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37 methods are noted. The driver must be coached to correct inadequate behaviors.
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38 These mitigation strategies are indicative of the carrier's commitment to a "zero harm" policy, in which risk is managed through four essential components: (1) leadership, (2)
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39 are more common than management ride-alongs, although one carrier requires all staff, including the president, to conduct a designated number (usually 12) of routine ride-alongs each year.
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40 Electronic Data Recorders and Transmitters Information and communication technologies, collectively known as "telematics," are used in trucks to communicate with drivers away from the terminal and to record information on driver and vehicle performance. The majority of telematics offerings allow at least some form of communication capabilities ranging from simple phone calls, text messages, and e-mails between the driver and dispatcher to more complex text-to-speech functions.
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41 inside and in front of the vehicle. Some offerings also use beeps or light-emitting diode (LED)
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42 Speed limiters and speed governors are used by trucking companies to control maximum vehicle speed at a specified level. Carriers can set governor speeds with the goal of conserving fuel or preventing speeding.
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43 example, hard braking can be an indicator of tailgating, inattention, or aggressive driving. All measures are normalized to the number of events in 10,000 miles driving.
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44 Small companies do not have the technological and financial resources of larger companies. They must emphasize hiring, retention, training, and ride-alongs.
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45 that the vehicle will self-correct or provide early warning in all dangerous situations. A rollover is a particularly dangerous event in that it can be inevitable before the driver is even aware it has begun.
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46 study outlines numerous recommended methods, practices, and tools that can achieve that objective and improve driver safety in a practical manner. It contains valuable information applicable to any cargo truck carrier regardless of size and gives examples of best practices utilized by drivers and carriers in the trucking industry and in other transportation modes, coupled with published research findings and other relevant literature.
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47 et al., 2005)
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48 pilots' perceived work stress and negatively influences their self-rated job performance (Transport Canada, 2011)
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49 the distractions of family and social events. This makes it easy to ignore work responsibilities by decreasing the likelihood of getting adequate rest.
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50 General Health and Wellness More than one carrier mentioned the need for a health and wellness focus in the tank truck industry given the aging nature of the workforce. The degree of health and wellness interventions varied widely depending on the carrier, but the major components that were identified included • Fitness and exercise, • Diet and nutrition, • Weight loss, • Smoking cessation, and • Regular physicals and screenings (e.g., sleep apnea, blood pressure, diabetes, and cardiovascular issues)
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51 had greater flexibility with their schedules report keeping the routes as short and direct as possible. One of the simplest best practices identified in this area was to provide drivers with at least a 24-hour notice before each shift, to ensure sufficient opportunities for drivers to plan for 7 to 8 hours of sleep.
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52 that drivers receive proper rest outside of work, it is necessary for family members to be sensitive to the obligations that the job entails. This may require spouses to be aware of the driver's schedule and to organize events in a way that does not conflict with the driver's sleep regimen.
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53 work-life balance, knowing personal limitations, and making appropriate choices or decisions. Participation in FFD programs varied among interviewees and types of programs.
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