Evaluation of the Use of Electronic Shipping Papers for Hazardous Materials Shipments (2012) / Chapter Skim
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36 Chapter 3 progresses through a series of discussions on twelve topics to help frame a deeper understanding of ESP, leading to the conclusions. These topics are: 1.
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37 3.1.1.1 U.S. Shipper and Carrier Industry Associations and Working Groups: Initiatives Related to Electronic Commerce A number of associations across the marine, trucking, rail, and air communities, along with the key shipper organizations, are primarily focused on policy development.
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38 Table 4. Industry trade associations and characterization.
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39 these regulations will be enforced effectively. Prominent privatesector organizations are represented by such organizations as Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance (CVSA)
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40 Regulatory Stakeholders in the Public Sector (U.S.
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41 3.2 U.S. DOT Initiatives Related to ESP The following U.S.
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42 Table 6. Emergency responder organizations, associations, and characterization.
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43 associations; industrial companies and associations; and a media organization. PHMSA has benefitted HMCRP Project 05 by sharing the minutes and briefings from the meeting and associated workshops, which supplemented and strengthened project interview and other research findings.
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44 responder vehicle routing, staging, and secondary dispatch decision making. Among the many data elements desired are: • Current weather conditions that would help responders avoid staging downwind from hazmat incidents.
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45 opments that have occurred in marine transport since the adoption of those earlier conventions, including the development of electronic transport documents and facilitating e-commerce through the use of electronic documentation (18)
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46 database, which is largely due to the perceived possibility of comingling or other inadvertent disclosure of company business-sensitive information such as its customer base and shipment origin–destination information. Requirements for systems that will significantly add to transportation costs in a fiercely competitive marketplace are a concern (i.e., as an unfunded mandate)
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47 Mode of Transportation Tons Ton-Miles Total (Thousands) Hazardous Percentage Nonhazardous Percentage Total (Millions)
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48 Table 11 summarizes the top five hazmat substances shipped by mode, ranked from left to right. The percentages are the percentage of total ton-miles shipped via that mode.
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49 available for after 2006; they are still being compiled but are now web-based, and only data on individual accidents can be obtained. The fatalities and injuries for highway are reported using MCMIS, and since all serious injuries and fatalities must be reported in the MCMIS crash file, these numbers are considered reasonably accurate.
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50 3.5 Discussion of ESP Implementation Challenges and Trade-Offs 3.5.1 Differing Needs and Perceptions There are four major stakeholder groups, whose differences and needs were characterized in Table 3 and their representative organizations described in Subsection 3.1.1. Each of the four primary stakeholder groups has a different set of needs and expectations for ESP information.
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51 are generally efficiency, visibility, and accountability. Business operations need additional information such as information on nonhazardous materials, other parties in the supply chain, billing and financial data, and expected delivery time.
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52 The more clearly the hazard is identified, the more effective and efficient the initial response will be. The MSDS discusses the types and level of hazards presented by the material as well as personal protective measures for responders and procedures for confining, containing, and recovery of the material.
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53 stolen and sold, and the proprietary information could be made available to competitors. Furthermore, if not well protected, ESP could make information more accessible to terrorists seeking to identify and steal or release certain cargo.
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54 3.5.7 Central Database Versus Distributed Processing Some stakeholders have reservations about the ability of an ESP system incorporating a central database to securely protect business-sensitive information. While central databases are in use for e-commerce and are less costly than acquiring the capability for distributed processing, the vulnerability is seen as higher with a central database.
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55 for its RFID system, which were based on an international standard. It gave suppliers other guidance and timelines with which to comply, but their insistence on the RFID system was firm.
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56 3.6.1.1 United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT) UN/CEFACT is primarily responsible for the development of the Core Component Library (CCL)
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57 mandatory and optional elements and components, and they often align with their paper counterparts. EDI facilitates a fairly compact and efficient approach to encoding information in the message, using both row descriptors and a fixed position scheme.
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58 decisions directly affect air cargo. GACAG has invited the WCO to help promote global harmonization of electronic transactions (47)
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59 3.8.1.1 Direct Partner-to-Partner Exchanges In this approach, trading partners agree on the format and method of information exchange and implement the exchange directly between the partner's respective systems. The format and method of the information exchanged can take any form agreed to between the partners, including the use of XML-based messages and web services (as demonstrated in U.S.
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60 3.10 Solution Alternatives 3.10.1 Solution Evaluation Framework Description The solution evaluation framework addresses the attributes of an ESP environment in the context of the needs of the hazmat stakeholders. Select systems are referenced to provide an illustration of the current state, and references do not promote any particular solution.
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Table 14. Comparison of current state system functionality.
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Uses of Data Technology attributes Standardized electronic data format for emergency management Standardized electronic data format for regulatory compliance Web-enabled access n/a Mobile device-specific apps n/a E-mail messages, text message alerts n/a Process attributes Generates hard copy maintained by operator/driver n/a Electronic data available to emergency management personnel n/a Supports customs (export/import) clearance Supports other business transactions DG = Dangerous goods, GUI = Graphical user interface, ERP = Enterprise resource planning Table 14.
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63 • Governance will have been established that plans, prepares, facilitates, incentivizes, de-conflicts, and controls the process for all modes. • Shippers will submit ESP documents in true electronic form that can be provided to freight forwarders and others in the supply chain.
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