Subsurface Utility Engineering Information for Airports (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 9-15
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9 This chapter describes technologies that use geophysics to detect and interpret the location of utilities already in the ground, reference utilities to a position on the earth, and store and retrieve utility information. The detection methods detailed below are commercially available and broadly applicable.
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10 construction or exposure for maintenance or other purposes. Some of these devices can be programmed to include information about the utility, such as ownership, type, size, and depth.
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11 of fill (e.g., rock vs. clay)
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12 A recent advance in EMTC is the use of the square antenna (see Figure 8)
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13 reflected, refracted, and diffracted in the subsurface by changes in electrical conductivity and dielectric properties. Travel times of reflected, refracted, and diffracted waves are analyzed to give depths, geometry, and location information.
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14 ences between the surveyed position and the initial position are used to calculate inertial drift. If the variance is unacceptable, the distance of travel may be shortened and the process attempted again.
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15 enhances traditional CADD by providing sophisticated 3D models that can be used to assist facility designs and improve the efficiency of the design process. BIM also enables sophisticated analyses that can support cost estimating, material ordering, conflict detection, environmental efficiency, and other factors throughout a building's life cycle.
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