Guide to Project Management Strategies for Complex Projects (2013) / Chapter Skim
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63 CHAPTER 4 Using the Project Management Tools 63 4.1 Introduction 68 4.2 Tool 1: Incentivize Critical Project Outcomes 72 4.3 Tool 2: Develop Dispute Resolution Plans 76 4.4 Tool 3: Perform Comprehensive Risk Analysis 81 4.5 Tool 4: Identify Critical Permit Issues 85 4.6 Tool 5: Evaluate Applications of Off-Site Fabrication 88 4.7 Tool 6: Determine Involvement in ROW and Utilities 93 4.8 Tool 7: Determine Work Packages and Sequencing 97 4.9 Tool 8: Design to Budget 101 4.10 Tool 9: Colocate Team 104 4.11 Tool 10: Establish Flexible Design Criteria 108 4.12 Tool 11: Evaluate Flexible Financing 112 4.13 Tool 12: Develop Finance Expenditure Model 115 4.14 Tool 13: Establish Public Involvement Plans 121 ALPHABETICAL GLOSSARY 127 GLOSSARY BY DIMENSION 127 Context Dimension 129 Cost Dimension 129 Financing Dimension 131 Schedule Dimension 131 Technical Dimension 133 REFERENCES 136 APPENDIX A Case Study Summaries 158 APPENDIX B
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166 APPENDIX D Project Complexity Flowchart in Table Format 168 APPENDIX E
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11.1 WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHY, AND HOW The objective of this guide is to assist transportation project managers and teams in delivering successful complex projects. This guide presents a practical approach or framework, as well as proven methods and tools tailored to rapid renewal of complex transportation project planning and management.
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2GUIDE TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR COMPLEX PROJECTS 1.2 USING THE GUIDE This guide provides a comprehensive manual for the 5DPM approach that transportation project managers and teams may use or incorporate and find beneficial in ensuring complex-project success. The guide includes details on the overall approach, the 5DPM methods, and 13 potential project management tools.
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3Chapter 1: FIVE-DIMENSIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT 1.3 5DPM PROCESS OVERVIEW AND GUIDE ORGANIZATION The remainder of this chapter introduces the nature of project complexity, provides an overview of the five dimensions of complex-project management (referred to as 5DPM throughout this guide) , and begins the discussion on implementation.
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4GUIDE TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR COMPLEX PROJECTS The result is an almost complete PMP for the complex project. Table 1.1 maps the contribution of 5DPM to the completion of the FHWA major project PMP development process and shows how the 5DPM process fits within the existing FHWA PMP process.
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5Chapter 1: FIVE-DIMENSIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT TABLE 1.1. HOW THE 5DPM PROCESS RELATES TO THE FHWA PMP PROCESS FHWA PMP Sections 5DPM Methods and Tools 1.
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6GUIDE TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR COMPLEX PROJECTS The major addition to the FHWA PMP process is the recognition in the 5DPM planning approach that a complex project involves managing numerous factors that are outside the project manager's direct control. Therefore, the PMP must identify and address external factors, such as public opinion and innovative financing, as early as practical.
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7Chapter 1: FIVE-DIMENSIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT TABLE 1.2. COMPARISON OF TRADITIONAL AND COMPLEX PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS Traditional Projects Complex Projects • Standard practices can be used -- Design -- Funding -- Contracting • Static interactions • High level of similarity to prior projects creates certainty • Standard practices cannot be used -- Design -- Funding -- Contracting • Dynamic interactions • High level of uncertainty about final project scope The move to the 5DPM model for complex projects requires modifying traditional methods and implementing new project management tools and techniques.
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8GUIDE TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR COMPLEX PROJECTS January 2010 SHRP 2 Program Brief: Renewal states it this way: "Rapid renewal scenarios may require unusual project management practices and involve different risks and performance parameters. Renewal research is developing innovative strategies for managing large, complex projects, a risk management manual, and performance specifications that contribute to successful innovation" (SHRP 2 2010)
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9Chapter 1: FIVE-DIMENSIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT Accelerated Construction Technology Transfer The Accelerated Construction Technology Transfer (ACTT) program brings national project management experts to the planning, design, and construction of major highway projects.
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10 GUIDE TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR COMPLEX PROJECTS 1.5 TRADITIONAL COMPARED TO FIVE-DIMENSIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT Traditional three-dimensional project management theory is based on optimizing the trade-offs between cost, schedule, and technical requirements (the "iron triangle") , as shown in Figure 1.2.
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11 Chapter 1: FIVE-DIMENSIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT The two new dimensions were identified from the analysis of the 18 case study projects examined in the research. This guide is a synthesis of the successful planning methods and management tools used to manage complexity found in the majority of those complex-project case studies.
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12 GUIDE TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR COMPLEX PROJECTS Dimension 4: Context. The context dimension covers external influences that may have an impact on project progress: • Stakeholders; • Project-specific issues; • Local issues; • Environmental issues; • Legal and legislative issues; • Global and national issues; and • Unexpected occurrences.
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13 Chapter 1: FIVE-DIMENSIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT of the affected people and departments, both within and outside your organization, particularly in terms of potential benefits of the new process, anticipated changes, and required resources, are also essential. Figure 1.4 summarizes effective initial approach ideas to help start implementing the 5DPM approach.
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14 GUIDE TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR COMPLEX PROJECTS Your champion and task force team will need to secure strong support from top management because visible recognition and top-down support are keys to successful implementation of a new process. The task force that introduces and implements 5DPM can consist of an advisory board, technical advisory panel, and project team members.
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15 Chapter 1: FIVE-DIMENSIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT Assess Implementation Capabilities Some 5DPM methods and tools might be new to your agency yet offer a powerful means to improve your capabilities to manage any given complex project. At the same time, a method or tool that you already use may be equivalent or superior to one of 5DPM methods and tools presented in this guide.
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16 GUIDE TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR COMPLEX PROJECTS Identify Barriers and Develop Plan of Attack Your 5DPM task force team will find it beneficial to go through one or more brainstorming sessions to identify potential barriers to implementation of the approach and develop a plan of action to overcome those barriers. You might also want to conduct a survey of those affected to help identify barriers and solutions to the barriers.
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