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From page 41... ... 41 A p p e n d i x A This appendix describes the spectroscopic equipment and testing protocols used in the laboratory testing portion of this project. The testing protocols include procedures for the preparation of samples, acquisition of data, and interpretation of results. Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... 42Table A.1. Finalized List of Materials to Be Tested in Phase 2 Material Category Brand Manufacturer Number of States Approving the Material Original State (Liquid, Solid, Powder, Other) Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... 43 Figure A.1. Image of ALPHA ATR FTIR portable spectrometer. Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... 44 3. Cured epoxy adhesive samples (Ultrabond 1100 and Sikadur 31) Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... 45 included in the scope of this project. The reasoning behind this was to eliminate the least successful materials and focus on the feasible materials in Raman field testing in Phase 3. Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... 46 elements: P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Zr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, I, Ba, W, Hg, and Pb. There are two separate calibration modes for this particular XRF: one mode for trace elements in soils (concentrations up to 8% to 10% by weight) Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... 47 mately 2 to 4 h of scanning time, while HR required 8 to 12 h of scanning time. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the XRD data was performed using Jade software, Version 8.5 (MDI, 2008) Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... 48 • Polystyrene standards with molecular weights of 2,000,000, 900,000, 824,000, 400,000, 200,000, 110,000, 43,000, 30,000, 17,600, 6,930, 2,610, 982, and 450 were used to establish the calibration curve. • Peak molecular weights were identified and labeled on the spectra. Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... 49 Test Sample Preparation Because the NMR requires material to be in the liquid state, the following preparation methods were used: 1. Structural coatings, traffic paints, and epoxy adhesives were dissolved in 2 mL of CDCl3 (D-chloroform) Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... 50 Table A.4. Summary of Portable Equipment Evaluation in Phase 2 Featurea Value FTIR Raman XRF XRD Accuracy Minimum 1% <0.5% <2% <1% <1% Goal <0.5% Duration of measurement Maximum 1 h ~1 min ~1 min 6–12 min 15 min Goal ~5 min Effort involved Maximum 1 person 1 person 1 person 1 person 1 person Goal 1 person Amount of prior training Maximum 1 day 1 h 1 h 1 h 1 h Goal 0.5 day Reliability Minimum Depends on material (90%) Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... 51 Figure A.8. Distribution of pavement marking brands approved by state highway agencies (SHAs) Read the entire page →
From page 52... ... 52 Figure A.10. Distribution of epoxy resin brands approved by SHAs. Read the entire page →
From page 53... ... 53 Figure A.12. Distribution of PCC set retarder and accelerator brands approved by SHAs. Read the entire page →
From page 54... ... 54 Figure A.14. Distribution of PCC curing compound brands approved by SHAs. Read the entire page →
From page 55... ... 55 Figure A.16. Distribution of polymer-modified emulsion vendors approved by SHAs. Read the entire page →

From page 41...

... 41 A p p e n d i x A This appendix describes the spectroscopic equipment and testing protocols used in the laboratory testing portion of this project. The testing protocols include procedures for the preparation of samples, acquisition of data, and interpretation of results.