Cost-Effective and Sustainable Road Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control (2012) / Chapter Skim
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19 CHAPTER THREE EROSION CONTROL TECHNIQUES Erosion control is the proactive prevention of the loss of surface soil. Erosion control has been shown to have a higher level of effectiveness than sediment control -- trying to catch the soil once it has eroded away (Atkins et al.
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20 After projects are completed and vegetation is established, permanent measures are to be implemented for erosion control purposes. Common devices for permanent erosion control include ditches and liners, riprap, runoff spreaders, soil bioengineering, and turf establishment.
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21 etative coverage of large areas (Howell 1999)
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22 deeply rooted grasses such as vetiver (Grimshaw and Faiz 1995)
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23 can be used to create a berm or dike to control erosion (EPA 2008)
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24 Tahoe Interagency Roadway Runoff Subcommittee (TIRRS) , Planning Guidance for Implementing Permanent Storm Water Best Management Practices in the Lake Tahoe Basin, Chapter 6, "Slope Stabilization Techniques," 2001.
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25 mandu, 1999 [Online]
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26 The following are key design points for gully stabilization in check dams are (G. Keller, personal communication, Nov.
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27 Grimshaw, R.G.
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28 narrow custom-shaped blade into the ground, while silt fence fabric is simultaneously pulled into the opening that is created. Four passes of a tractor tire are used to achieve appropriate compaction.
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29 Anionic polyacrylamide. There was a new Interstate project in which the sculpted road was going to sit unpaved from November through May.
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30 CHAPTER FOUR SOIL BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNICAL TECHNIQUES This section summarizes literature and interview results on soil bioengineering and biotechnical stabilization techniques. Soil bioengineering is a technique that uses plants and plant material alone, whereas biotechnical techniques use plants in conjunction with more traditional engineering measures and structures to stabilize slopes (Gray and Sotir 1996; Schiechtl and Stern 1996)
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31 late fall, winter in temperate zones, or early spring (USDA 1992)
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32 trol: Ecotechnological Solutions, J.E. Norris, et al., Eds., Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2008.
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33 soon as possible, ideally on the same day they are prepared. Spacing of cuttings should be 2–3 ft (0.6–1 m)
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34 created contours (Howell 1999) (Figure 25)
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35 branch packing uses live material placed horizontally and inert material placed vertically into the slope and is better at repairing holes in embankments or small slumps. Live brush cuttings should be 0.5–2 in.
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36 FIGURE 27 Rock joint planting (Courtesy: R Sotir)
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37 To install a crib wall, start at the lowest point and excavate loose material down 2–3 ft (0.6–1 m) until the foundation is stable (USDA 1992)
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38 are placed on each consecutive layer between the rock-filled baskets (Figure 30)
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39 Gabion walls are strengthened by trees growing on them (Howell 1999)
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40 Vegetated rock walls are appropriate where a low wall may be needed to stabilize the toe of the slope and reduce its steepness. Vegetated rock walls are useful where space is limited and natural rock is available (USDA 1992)
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