Evaluation of Data Needs, Crash Surrogates, and Analysis Methods to Address Lane Departure Research Questions Using Naturalistic Driving Study Data (2011) / Chapter Skim
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C H A P T E R 2 Identifying Final Lane Departure Research Questions and Relevant FactorsOne of the goals of this project was to develop a set of research questions that could be explored using existing NDS data. The intent was to then determine which research questions could adequately be addressed given the data and the likely limitations of the SHRP 2 full-scale NDS (hereafter referred to as the full-scale NDS or full-scale study)
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11Mohamedshah et al.
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12Authors Data Set Shoulder Lane Other Miaou and Lum, 1993 Mohamedshah et al., 1993 Vogt and Bared, 1998 Hauer et al., 2004 Garber and Ehrhart, 2000 Deng et al., 2006 Zhang and Ivan, 2005 Zegeer et al., 1992 Heimbach et al., 1974 Sosslau et al., 1978 Zegeer et al., 1981 Abboud and Bowman, 2001 Souleyrette, 2001 Table 2.1. Summary of Literature for Roadway Cross Section UT HSIS data: Heavy truck crashes UT HSIS data: Heavy truck crashes MN and WA HSIS data: Rural two-lane WA HSIS data: Urban fourlane undivided VA data: Two-lane roads CT: Head-on crashes on twolane roads CT: Head-on crashes on twolane roads WA: Horizontal curves on two-lane roads Two-lane highways KY: State primary, secondary, and two-lane roads AL: 2- and 4-foot paved shoulders on two-lane roads IA: Rural two-lane, four-lane, expressways Negative correlation: Inside paved shoulder width and truck crashes Negative correlation: Width and truck crashes Negative correlation: Width and crashes No correlation: Width and crash rate No correlation: Width and crashes Lower crash rate for paved than for unpaved section Negative correlation: Width and crash rate Decrease in ROR, head-on, and opposite direction sideswipe crashes for gravel or paved shoulder width increase from 0 to 9 ft No correlation: Paved shoulder and crashes Could not detect relationship Negative correlation: Width and crashes No correlation: Width and crashes No correlation: Width and crash rate Positive correlation: Narrow roadway and crashes No correlation: Lane width and crashes Correlation: Superelevation deficiencies and crashes in Washington State.
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130 to 9 ft, but the crash rates increased slightly for shoulders from 10 to 12 ft wide. Crash severity, however, did not decrease with wider shoulders.
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14Rumble Strips Rumble strips have also been found to reduce lane departure crashes. Table 2.2 summarizes the results of the literature review.Authors Data Set Shoulder/Edgeline Rumble Strips Centerline Rumble Strips Garder and Davies, 2006 Smith and Ivan, 2005 Corkle et al., 2001 Perrillo, 1998 Hickey, 1997 Miles et al., 2005 Persaud et al., 2004 Russell and Rys, 2005 Kohinoor and Weeks, 2009 Outcalt, 2001 Table 2.2.
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15crashes. After speculation of regression to the mean and other factors affecting the results, a follow-up study was conducted.
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16derived, the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)
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171975 to 1997. The authors evaluated how trends changed over time and found that young drivers, male drivers, drivers over the age of 70, drivers in utility vehicles, and drivers using alcohol had higher involvements in fatal ROR crashes.
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18Roadway Factors Horizontal curves Vertical curves Roadway cross section Signing Speed limit Roadway delineation Roadway defects Other Clear zone Countermeasures not included in other roadway factors (e.g., paved shoulders) Environmental Factors Pavement surface condition Ambient conditions Vehicle Factors Vehicle characteristics Kinematic Driver Factors General Condition Teen-specific factors Substance use Distractions Table 2.3.
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19the SHRP 2 full-scale NDS. Three sets of questions are presented in the following sections: 1.
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20Relevant Lane Departure Research Questions for Full-Scale NDS The section provides general categories of lane departure questions that can be answered using the full-scale study. Examples are also provided of more specific questions within those categories that can be realistically addressed given what was learned during this research and based on what is known about the data expected to result from the full-scale NDS.
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21• Are drivers more likely to travel at unsafe speeds during winter storm events when median cable barriers are present? • Does additional delineation affect driver forward attention on curves?
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