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From page 63... ... 63 Women's Travel in Developed and Developing Countries Two Versions of the Same Story? Sandra Rosenbloom, University of Arizona Maryvonne Plessis-Fraissard, Consultant, The World Bank This paper compares women's travel in the developed and the developing worlds in the context of four societal trends: globalization, urbanization, motorization, and sociodemographic transitions. Read the entire page →
From page 64... ... 64 WoMen'S ISSueS In TRAnSPoRTATIon, voluMe 1 and planning efforts; as a result, many governmental responses fail to improve the options available to women and may even widen the gap between the sexes. In the Global South, many governmental responses advantage a certain kind of mobility, by providing major roads or formal bus or rail systems, at the expense of accessibility, which could be enhanced by improving local pedestrian facilities, rural footpaths, and connections to main routes. Read the entire page →
From page 65... ... 65WoMen'S TRAvel In DeveloPeD AnD DeveloPInG CounTRIeS where public or private services are limited and transport resources are inadequate (Ipingbemi 2010) Read the entire page →
From page 66... ... 66 WoMen'S ISSueS In TRAnSPoRTATIon, voluMe 1 gle employment and child-care responsibilities and older people struggle to maintain their lifestyles (Rosenbloom 2006; Rosenbloom and Herbel 2009) Read the entire page →
From page 67... ... 67WoMen'S TRAvel In DeveloPeD AnD DeveloPInG CounTRIeS because they lack good transport options. Conversely, Fernando (1999) Read the entire page →
From page 68... ... 68 WoMen'S ISSueS In TRAnSPoRTATIon, voluMe 1 Kamuhanda and Schmidt (2009) found that women are more likely to use informal modes of transport where those are cheaper. Read the entire page →
From page 69... ... 69WoMen'S TRAvel In DeveloPeD AnD DeveloPInG CounTRIeS develoPing countries: WoMen's travel Patterns, attitudes, and Preferences Although few women in industrial nations face anything like the deprivation of women in developing countries, there are strong parallels that can also be discussed in terms of the same characteristics: • Income disparities, • Major differences in travel patterns, • Cultural and religious norms about appropriate transport behavior, and • Personal security and safety concerns. Because several papers given at the conference address both personal security and safety issues in industrial nations, that topic will not be raised here. Read the entire page →
From page 70... ... 70 WoMen'S ISSueS In TRAnSPoRTATIon, voluMe 1 show that licensed women have relatively less access to a car than in the past, even though they were more likely to be licensed. Most research also shows that in developed countries, while women are increasingly licensed to drive and are more dependent on the private car than ever before, a gender gap in mode choice still remains (Rosenbloom 2006) Read the entire page →
From page 71... ... 71WoMen'S TRAvel In DeveloPeD AnD DeveloPInG CounTRIeS variations in the industries in which women are overrepresented, spatial entrapment in highly localized labor markets, lower access to cars even if they are licensed to drive, and the temporal and spatial parameters of social institutions (e.g., opening and closing hours) (Hjorthol 2008; lyons and Chatterjee 2008; MacDonald 1999; Pazy et al. Read the entire page →
From page 72... ... 72 WoMen'S ISSueS In TRAnSPoRTATIon, voluMe 1 She concluded that in 2005, as in 1992, Women to a greater extent than men still have the main responsibility for the "management" of the household, a fact that is amply demonstrated by both time use studies and the elucidation of women's reasons for daily travel and mobility. As long as the distribution of tasks between genders within a household is maintained, the differences will also be reflected in travel patterns. Read the entire page →
From page 73... ... 73WoMen'S TRAvel In DeveloPeD AnD DeveloPInG CounTRIeS nologies are accepted or the cultural barriers to women traveling at certain times, by certain modes, or to certain places (Rwebangira 2001; Seedat et al. 2006; Srinivasan 2008; Turner and Kwakye 1996; Weinert et al. Read the entire page →
From page 74... ... 74 WoMen'S ISSueS In TRAnSPoRTATIon, voluMe 1 South without being uncomfortably aware of the many parallels in the developed world. references Al-Hamad, l., and Y Read the entire page →
From page 75... ... 75WoMen'S TRAvel In DeveloPeD AnD DeveloPInG CounTRIeS Papers, Transportation Research Board of the national Academies, Washington, D.C. Read the entire page →
From page 76... ... 76 WoMen'S ISSueS In TRAnSPoRTATIon, voluMe 1 Travel Behavior for Policy Making. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. Read the entire page →
From page 77... ... 77WoMen'S TRAvel In DeveloPeD AnD DeveloPInG CounTRIeS Srinivasan, S Read the entire page →

From page 63...

... 63 Women's Travel in Developed and Developing Countries Two Versions of the Same Story? Sandra Rosenbloom, University of Arizona Maryvonne Plessis-Fraissard, Consultant, The World Bank This paper compares women's travel in the developed and the developing worlds in the context of four societal trends: globalization, urbanization, motorization, and sociodemographic transitions.