2008 Survey of European Composite Pavements (2010) / Chapter Skim
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12C H A P T E R 3 Two-Layer Concrete Composite Pavement SystemTwo-Layer Exposed Aggregate Concrete All two-layer concrete pavements observed during the trip included a top surface of exposed aggregate concrete (EAC)
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13Figure 3.1. An example of exposed aggregate texture (with maximum aggregate size of 8 mm)
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14In constructing PCC pavements (either single-layer or twolayer composite) with EAC, the various pavements featured mixes that had aggregates of maximum aggregate size as small as 7 mm and as large as 22 mm.
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15Austrian attitudes toward fly ash were similar to those in Germany. The Austrian hosts cited three main reasons for the lack of fly ash in Austria and Germany: 1)
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16A profile point count that is too high describes a surface that will not allow sufficient drainage between aggregates, and a low profile point count would allow the tire to contact too much of the mortar, resulting in a very noisy surface. Germany Much of the discussion about two-layer PCC construction with the delegation's German hosts concerned the equipment used to construct two-layer pavements.
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17Figure 3.5. Left: Site cleared for two lanes in each direction.
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18of the slab with water (Figure 3.6)
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19Figure 3.9. Front (top)
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20Figure 3.10. Use of loader to place top layer mix between lower- and top-layer paving machines.
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21Figure 3.12. Left: Rear view of the finishing machine with spray arm attachment.
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22Figure 3.14. Left: A small grader with wire brush attachment for EAC texturing.
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23Figure 3.16. EAC texture after first pass of brush is shown in left half of photo.
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24Figure 3.19. Left: Finished two-layer EAC pavement.
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25Figure 3.21. Top: Aggregate bins are double sided to accommodate aggregates for top-layer and lower-layer batches.
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26Figure 3.22. Plates on the dash of all trucks (left)
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27Figure 3.24. Different textures used in N279 test sections (top left, quartzite 11/16 mm; top right, quartzite 5/8 mm; bottom left, quartzite 5/8 mm; bottom right, Dutch gravel 4/8 mm)
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28Figure 3.25. The 4/22-mm sections along N279 in the Netherlands.Figure 3.26.
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29Figure 3.28. Texturing on a 5/8-mm section along N279 in the Netherlands.the pavement and create inconsistent, "wavy" depth.
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30Figure 3.32. Left: Grooved texture on section along A93 (km 5.600–5.700)
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31paver. The SMA-over-PCC was sawed and sealed over the PCC transverse joints and on longitudinal joints between the paving passes (and not over the longitudinal joints between the PCC slabs)
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32Figure 3.35. Texture close-ups in EAC sections and close-up of bituminous seal used on both transverse and longitudinal joints on A93 Section P (km 12.500–22.780)
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33Figure 3.37. Left: Close-up of the interesting combination of EAC and fiber reinforcement, which creates a "fuzzy" appearance.
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34Figure 3.39. The exposed aggregate texturing on the Eugendorf section.This section near Regau was interesting in that it had transverse joint spacing of 12.5 m, resulting in numerous mid-slab transverse cracking in the section slabs.
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35The delegation observed that the condition of the pavement was worse than that of the Eugendorf sections, which were constructed 4 years before the Vorchdorf sections. Although there were no chronic distresses and the overall condition was relatively sound, the pavement exhibited noticeable polishing of aggregates in the wheelpath of the driving lane (Figure 3.43)
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36Figure 3.46. Left: Unbrushed shoulder from a section along A1 near Traun, Austria.
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37The top-layer mixture should be more fluid than that of the lower layer because it requires minimal vibration. Furthermore, to be a safe, quiet roadway, it must contain highquality, highly durable aggregate with an appropriate cubical shape.
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