2008 Survey of European Composite Pavements (2010) / Chapter Skim
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38C H A P T E R 4 Asphalt Surfaced Composite Pavement SystemSeveral European countries have built thin, high-quality asphalt surfacing on newly placed concrete pavements for many years (1)
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39overall porous AC/CRCP to be a "perpetual" pavement, where only the surface needs to be replaced over time as needed. Porous AC mixtures and layering used in the Netherlands include the following: • Single semi-porous AC layer: 2.5 to 3 cm, 14% air voids (called semi-porous)
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40Parameter Design Objective Actual Realized Thickness sand subgrade 250 mm 261 mm E-modulus sand subgrade 100 MPa >200 MPa k-value subgrade 0.045 N/mm3 ∼0.070 N/mm3 Thickness lean concrete base 150 mm Not realized E-modulus base 9.000 MPa Thickness AGRAC base 250 mm 256 mm E-modulus AGRAC base Not designed 4.000 MPa Composed k-value 0.118 N/mm3 ∼0.160 N/mm3 Thickness asphalt interlayer 60 mm Approximately 60 mm E-modulus asphalt interlayer Unknown 7,500 MPa Thickness concrete 252 mm nonreinforced 250 mm min./261 mm average Strength class concrete C45 C57 average Table 4.1. Summary of A12 Design and As-Constructed Pavement Propertiessurvey consisting of driving and walking along portions of the project that could be accessed safely, observing the pavement from the outer shoulder and on off-ramps, and noting any distress and taking photographs.
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41Figure 4.4. A12 motorway between Utrecht and Ede after 10 years in service.angles from perpendicular to eliminate any possibility of transverse cracking over the transverse steel supports (Figure 4.7)
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42Figure 4.8. Paving of CRCP motorway in the Netherlands.Some additional details of the design of this AC/CRCP pavement are as follows: • Design life: 40 years.
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43Figure 4.10. A ramp end on the A73 showing the unsurfaced CRCP.• The noise level of the surface appeared to be very low.
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440.50 N/mm2. A small area of pavement that was not covered with the fine granular material to prevent damage was noted to have been disturbed by truck tires, and the tensile strength at this location was much lower than that achieved with the fine granular material.
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45Figure 4.15. A93 SMA over JPCP with sawed and sealed transverse and longitudinal joints.
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