Airport Passenger Terminal Planning and Design, Volume 1: Guidebook (2010) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 9-33
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From page 9... ...
The process of planning airport passenger terminal facilities needs to take into account a multitude of safety, operational, commercial, financial, and environmental considerations, as well as have regard to local government and airline industry interests and aspirations. Chapter III, Planning Considerations, provides a detailed description of these interrelated factors.
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From page 10... ...
locating aircraft parking positions and their supporting taxilanes that optimize the overall efficiency of the airfield prior to developing the internal layout of the terminal building and the landside curb and terminal roadway systems. The efficiency of airfield operations will, to a very large extent, drive the overall efficiency of passenger processing through the terminal, and the ability of aircraft to park at the terminal and maneuver safely around the airfield in accordance with taxilane/ taxiway requirements contained in FAA Advisory Circulars is paramount.
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From page 11... ...
– 400 hertz power – Preconditioned air • Apron service roads – Tail-of-stand – Head-of-stand • Ground service equipment – Staging – Movement/maneuvering – Storage • Aircraft servicing • Security and emergency response • Environmental – Fuel spillage – Waste disposal • Blast Fences – Public and employee protection • Winter operations – Aircraft deicing – Apron snow removal These airside component elements are discussed in detail in Chapter V, Terminal Airside Facilities. II.1.2 Terminal Building Facilities The ever-evolving airport and aviation industry requires today's airport terminal buildings to be planned and constructed in ways that safeguard flexibility for future modification at the least expense, while also responding to variations in demand and/or the changing needs of passengers, airlines, and aircraft.
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From page 12... ...
• Terminal facility requirements – Ticketing/check-in – Passenger screening – Holdrooms – Concessions – Baggage claim – Circulation – Airline offices and operations areas – Baggage handling – Baggage screening system – International facilities -- Federal Inspection Services – Support areas – Special requirements – Building systems • Functional relationships • Flow sequences – Passengers – Visitors – Employees – Baggage – Deliveries – Waste removal • Passenger movements – People mover systems – Passenger wayfinding and signage • Terminal concept development – Domestic and international terminals – Concourse configurations – Centralized and decentralized terminals – Single vs. multi-level terminals – Flexibility and efficiency – Common-use terminal equipment – Swing gates These terminal building component elements are discussed in detail in Chapter VI, Terminal Building Facilities.
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From page 13... ...
The primary elements to consider when dealing with the terminal building component of the terminal complex include the following: • Curbfront pedestrian facilities – Sidewalk -- adjacent to terminal – Curb islands – Pedestrian crosswalks – Curbside baggage check-in • Curbfront vehicle lanes – Loading/unloading lanes – Bypass lanes – Through lanes • Parking – Terminal passenger parking – Remote passenger parking – Off-airport parking – Valet parking – Employee parking (FAA, airlines, tenants, staff) – Rental car parking – Cell phone lots • Entry/exit roadways – Primary terminal access and exit roadways – Recirculation roadways – Service roads/loading docks • Commercial vehicle/transit staging areas – Taxi and bus holding areas – Ground transportation centers • Rail transit – Platform configuration – Station location These landside component elements are discussed in detail in Chapter VII, Terminal Landside Facilities.
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From page 14... ...
II.2.1.2 New, Expansions, and Renovations Terminal planning and design projects can typically be categorized as either "greenfield" (a new terminal on a new site) or the expansion or renovation of an existing terminal.
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From page 15... ...
(2) preparing facility requirements based on forecasts, (3)
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From page 16... ...
• Specialized technical analysis services: Some services in the terminal planning and design process are very specialized to airport terminal facilities. These include terminal simulation modeling, trigger point analysis, aircraft parking and maneuverability, passenger loading bridge analysis, and in-ground fuel pit placements as examples.
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From page 17... ...
Typical stakeholders in a terminal planning process include, but are not limited to, air travel customers/terminal users, airport management, airlines, and concessionaires. Air Travel Customers/Terminal Users.
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From page 18... ...
European or Asian model in which the relationship and financial involvement between the two groups are more indirect. Terminal development in the United States is typically supported and financed through airline rates and charges.
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From page 19... ...
• Airport support groups (Friends of the Airport, etc.) • Special interest groups and other interested persons (including state or local accessibility officials, individuals with disabilities, and organizations representing individuals with disabilities)
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From page 20... ...
Local and National Building Code Review Boards. During the conceptual terminal planning process, it is important to take into account many of the basic principles that are encompassed in the local building codes.
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From page 21... ...
Once a long list of goals and objectives has been established, a review of the list is recommended to minimize overlaps and consolidate items if possible. Ideally, most lists of goals and objectives should be of manageable length.
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From page 22... ...
airline hub operations tend to be tied to that airline's long-term business strategy, which may not be driven primarily by the size of the local market. II.2.5.2 Local Economic Factors While economic forecasts are generally more reliable than forecasts of future airline plans, airports that serve communities whose economy is dominated by one particular industrial activity, or by a single company's business activities, are inevitably more vulnerable to the effects of decisions to expand or contract the enterprises concerned.
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From page 23... ...
The type of terminal configuration being considered also has a direct bearing on the programmatic needs of the facility. For example, there are two primary organizational approaches to the terminal processor: centralized and decentralized processing of passengers and baggage.
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From page 24... ...
clearly and consistently defined so that objective comparisons are possible. General programmatic (space program or project brief)
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From page 25... ...
• Land use • Capital costs • Operating costs Criteria should be defined and reviewed with the stakeholders and may be weighted depending on the needs of the project or the client/project sponsor. This process will help to gain a better understanding of the performance of each of the facility concepts.
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From page 26... ...
II.2.7.2 Step Two: Second Iteration Planning Shortlisted Concepts. The shortlisted options are typically regrouped and redefined so that a more refined evaluation can take place during the second half of the conceptual planning process.
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From page 27... ...
Terminal Planning and Design Process 27 Courtesy of: Columbus Regional Airport Authority Figure II-6. Example of shortlisted concepts.
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From page 28... ...
at this point. A narrowing and recombining of criteria may also be appropriate depending on developments and evolution of views and plans during Step One of the planning process.
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From page 29... ...
Terminal Planning and Design Process 29 Major Secondary Category Category Weighting Weighting RAW WEIGHTED RAW WEIGHTED RAW WEIGHTED RAW WEIGHTED RAW WEIGHTED %001%02EDISRIA1 %02yticapaCgnikraPtfarcriAderiuqeRsteeM1.1 %52ytilibixelFesUetaGtfarcriA2.1 %52ycneiciffEenalixaT/norpA3.1 %03stixE&sdnEyawnuRotecnatsiDixaT4.1 %001%52LANIMRET2 %51yticapaClanimreTderiuqeRsteeM1.2 2.2 Maximizes Flexibility for Potential Operational Changes 5% 2.3 Ability to Meet Primary Stakeholder Missions (airlines) 20% %03trofmoC&ecneinevnoCregnessaP4.2 %02ciffarTnoitanitseD&nigirO1.4.2 %01ciffarTgnitcennoC2.4.2 %51ycneiciffEytiruceS5.2 %5gnissecorPotnoitatneirOregnessaP6.2 %5seitilicaFyeKrehtOotytivitcennoC7.2 %5laitnetoPeuneveRsnoissecnoC8.2 %001%01EDISDNAL3 %02yticapaCbruCderiuqeRsteeM1.3 %03sseccAedisdnaLnrehtuoSsetadommoccA2.3 %02sdaoRssergE/sseccAfossenevitceffE3.3 %02sdaoRotnoitatneirOregnessaPfoesaE4.3 %01tisnarTssaMerutuFotsseccAysaEsedivorP5.3 4 IMPLEMENTATION FEASIBILITY 10% 100% %04snoitacifidoM/noitcurtsnoCesahPotytilibA1.4 %04esahPlaitinIfossenevitceffElanoitarepO2.4 %02noisnapxElanimreTegnaRg-noLerutuFsdraugefaS3.4 %001%01SEUSSILATNEMNORIVNE5 %05ytilauQretaWdnariA1.5 %05)
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From page 30... ...
phasing, and concessions program, which will serve as guidance to the architectural designers and engineers. The primary purpose of the PCD is to focus the architectural design process on creating a solution that maintains the goals and objectives of the planning process; delivers an architectural design that, once constructed, delivers the desired LOS for passenger and baggage operations; provides flexibility in its phasing; and maximizes revenues from airport concessions programs.
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From page 31... ...
II.2.8.1 Schematic Design Schematic design takes the conceptual level of planning and begins to translate it into architecture. The space program is validated during this stage and applied to the terminal, which begins to be defined as an architectural statement in volume and structure.
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From page 32... ...
important, along with attention to detail and quality assurance. Information dispersal and consistent and frequent communication are also critical to the success of any terminal development project.
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From page 33... ...
provides expertise on such matters as value engineering during design, project scheduling, cost tracking, management of construction contracts, and overseeing of construction activities. Under a construction manager at-risk approach, after the design phase, the construction entity provides the owner with a maximum construction cost, which is then negotiated with the owner.
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