Security 101: A Physical Security Primer for Transportation Agencies (2009) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 143-212
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143 A P P E N D I X D Aberration Any inherent deficiency of a lens or optical system. Aberrations are responsible for imperfections in shape or sharpness of the image.
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following occurs: 1. A fatality at the scene; or where an individual is confirmed dead within thirty (30)
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Agency representative A person assigned by a primary, assisting, or cooperating Federal, State, tribal, or local government agency or private organization that has been delegated authority to make decisions affecting that agency's or organization's participation in incident management activities following appropriate consultation with the leadership of that agency. Aggressor Any person seeking to compromise a function or structure.
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Americium (Am) A silvery metal; it is a man-made element whose isotopes Am-237 through Am-246 are all radioactive.
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Armored car personnel An armed employee of an armored car company who is engaged exclusively by that company and is liable for the safe transportation, care, and custody of valuables. Arrest The taking or keeping of a person in custody by legal authority, especially in response to a criminal charge; specifically, the apprehension of someone for the purpose of securing the administration of the law, especially of bringing that person before a court.
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From page 148... ...
or quasi-terrorist actor that cause or may cause substantial damage or injury to persons or property in any manner. Attack 3 A discrete malicious action of debilitating intent inflicted by one entity upon another.
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Ballistics attack An attack in which small arms (e.g., pistols, submachine guns, shotguns, and rifles) are fired from a distance and rely on the flight of the projectile to damage the target.
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Bollard A vehicle barrier consisting of a cylinder, usually made of steel and sometimes filled with concrete, placed on end in the ground and spaced about 3 feet apart to prevent vehicles from passing, but allowing entrance of pedestrians and bicycles. Bomb A device capable of producing damage to material and injury or death to personnel when detonated or ignited.
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Camera Format The approximate size of a camera image pickup device. This measurement is derived from the diagonal line of a chip or the diameter of the tube.
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Chain of Command 1 A series of command and control (in hierarchical order of authority) executive, or management positions.
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Collective dose The estimated dose for an area or region multiplied by the estimated population in that area or region. Collective protection Provision of a contaminant-free area where personnel can function without individual protective equipment such as a mask and protective garments Combating terrorism The full range of federal programs and activities applied against terrorism, domestically and abroad, regardless of the source or motive.
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Concentration The ratio of the amount of a specific substance in a given volume or mass of solution to the mass or volume of solvent. Concurrent Validity A statistical form of validity that compares two or more sets of data that have been gathered simultaneously.
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Continuity of Activities that address the continuance of constitutional governance. COG government (COG)
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Correlation A measure of the degree of relationship between two variables. Cosmic radiation Radiation produced in outer space when heavy particles from other galaxies (nuclei of all known natural elements)
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address specific categories of criminal occurrences. SCP is often described as the operational equivalent of CPTED design principles.
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Critical infrastructure 1 Primary infrastructure systems (e.g., utilities, telecommunications, transportation, etc.) whose incapacity would have a debilitating impact on the organization's ability to function.
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quality of life and morale. Damage potential grows as a function of an asset's criticality.
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Deputy A fully qualified individual who, in the absence of a superior, can be delegated the authority to manage a functional operation or perform a specific task. In some cases, a deputy can act as relief for a superior and, therefore, must be fully qualified in the position.
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Deter 1 To discourage or keep (a person) from doing something through fear, anxiety, doubt, etc.
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Joint Chiefs of Staff and Joint Staff; the Combatant Commands; the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense; the Defense Agencies; the DoD Field Activities; and all other organizational entities within DoD. Domestic terrorism The unlawful use, or threatened use, of force or violence by a group or individual based and operating entirely within the United States or Puerto Rico without foreign direction committed against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives.
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Effective standoff A standoff distance less than the Conventional Construction Standoff Distance distance at which the required level of protection can be shown to be achieved through analysis or can be achieved through building hardening or other mitigating construction or retrofit. Electroluminescent (EL)
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Emergency management A congressionally ratified organization that provides form and structure to assistance compact interstate mutual aid. Through EMAC, a disaster−affected State can request and (EMAC)
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Emergency public Information that is disseminated primarily in anticipation of an emergency or information (EPI) at the actual time of an emergency and, in addition to providing information, frequently directs actions, instructs, and transmits direct orders.
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Environmental Design A term which, within the CPTED context, is rooted in the design of the man/environment relation. Epidemiology The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations; and the application of this study to the control of health problems.
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Explosives disposal A small container into which small quantities of explosives may be placed to container contain their blast pressures and fragments if the explosive detonates. Exposure (radiation)
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Fence sensor An exterior intrusion detection sensor that detects aggressors as they attempt to climb over, cut through, or otherwise disturb a fence. Ferry A vessel that (a)
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Fissile material Any material in which neutrons can cause a fission reaction. The three primary fissile materials are uranium-233, uranium-235, and plutonium-239.
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high energy and a short wave length. All gamma rays emitted from a given isotope have the same energy, a characteristic that enables scientists to identify which gamma emitters are present in a sample.
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function not necessarily within a single geographic division. Groups, when activated, are located between Branches and resources in the Operations Section.
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Homeland security The federal government's efforts, in coordination with state and local governments and the private sector, to develop, coordinate, fund and implement the programs and policies necessary to detect, prepare for, prevent, protect against, respond to, and recover from terrorist or other attacks within the United States. Homogeneity Uniformity of a factor within a group of subjects or data, such as age, occupation, religion.
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earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, tropical storms, war-related disasters, public health and medical emergencies, and other occurrences requiring an emergency response. Incident action plan An oral or written plan containing general objectives reflecting the overall strategy for managing an incident.
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Independent variable A variable that causes, effects, or influences the outcome of an experiment. Individual A passenger; employee; contractor; other rail transit facility worker; pedestrian; trespasser; or any person on rail transit-controlled property.
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Intercity Connecting two or more cities. Intercoastal Describing external waterways that run along coasts or gulfs.
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Investigation The process used to determine the causal and contributing factors of an accident or hazard, so that actions can be identified to prevent recurrence. Investment cost First cost and later expenditures which have substantial and enduring value (generally more than one year)
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establishment of state requirements/priorities, and coordination of the overall federal response. Jurisdiction A range or sphere of authority.
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Letter of Expectation See Delegation of Authority. Level A A military level of packing that provides protection required to meet the most severe worldwide shipment, handling, and storage conditions.
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nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste; transuranic radioactive waste; or uranium mill tailings. Luminance contrast Refers to the relationship or difference between the object and its immediate background, defined by the ratio: L1-L2 Where: L1 = luminance of background.
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Maritime Transportation Legislation passed as public law 107-295 on November 25, 2002, that impleSecurity ments, mandates, and regulates the security for maritime transportation vessels, assets, and facilities. Marking A visible notice, sign, symbol, line or trace.
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Metropolitan medical Teams that are being developed to manage the immediate medical consequences strike teams (MMSTs) of CBN terrorist events.
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Mobilization The process and procedures used by all organizations -- Federal, State, tribal, and local -- for activating, assembling, and transporting all resources that have been requested to respond to or support an incident. Mobilization guide Reference document used by organizations outlining agreements, processes, and procedures used by all participating agencies/organizations for activating, assembling, and transporting resources.
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dures, and communications. Two of the most commonly used elements are EOCs and MAC Groups.
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Neutron A small atomic particle possessing no electrical charge typically found within an atom's nucleus. Neutrons are, as the name implies, neutral in their charge.
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Officers The ICS title for the personnel responsible for the Command Staff positions of Safety, Liaison, and Public Information. On scene coordinator The person at the scene of an emergency who is responsible for coordinating all disaster recovery activities and vehicle movements at the scene.
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Participating agency Any fire, law enforcement, medical, governmental, or humanitarian agency that participates in any portion of a public transportation system's emergency response. Passenger A person who is on board, boarding, or alighting from a rail transit vehicle for the purpose of travel.
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functional and that personnel are working within established incident management guidelines. Photon Discrete "packet" of pure electromagnetic energy.
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or the movement of contamination through an aquifer (For example, dilution, mixing, or adsorption onto soil)
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Preparedness involves efforts at all levels of government and between government and private-sector and nongovernmental organizations to identify threats, determine vulnerabilities, and identify required resources. Within the NIMS, preparedness is operationally focused on establishing guidelines, protocols, and standards for planning, training and exercises, personnel qualification and certification, equipment certification, and publication management.
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Private security An independent or proprietary commercial organization whose activities include safeguarding the employing party's assets, ranging from human lives to physical property (the premises and contents) , responding to emergency incidents, performing employee background investigations, performing the functions of detection and investigation of crime and criminals, and apprehending offenders for consideration.
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Protective barriers Define the physical limits of a site, activity, or area by restricting, channeling, or impeding access and forming a continuous obstacle around the object. Protective measures Elements of a protective system that protect an asset against a threat.
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Publicly owned and When the title for the boat or terminal is vested in a federal, state, county, town, privately operated township, Indian tribe, municipal or other local government and a private entity operates the boat or terminal. Qualification and This subsystem provides recommended qualification and certification standards certification for emergency responder and incident management personnel.
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to be checked. Gamma rays passing through flaws in the metal or incomplete welds strike special photographic film (radiographic film)
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Reconnaissance The surveying of a location and surrounding area to note locations of things of value or interest and security resources. Recover The likelihood of some event occurring.
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mined by multiplying the number of rads by the quality factor, a number reflecting the potential damage caused by the particular type of radiation. The rem is the traditional unit of equivalent dose, but it is being replaced by the sievert (Sv)
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Response time The length of time from the instant an attack is detected to the instant a security force arrives on site. Restore To bring back to a former or normal position.
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Risk assessment 3 A comprehensive study of a transit agency to identify components most vulnerable to criminal activity, including acts of terrorism and quasi-terrorism, and to assess the impact of such activity on passengers, employees, and the agency. Risk level A combination of the two factors pertaining to impact of loss and probability of adverse event (ARM)
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Safety Freedom from harm resulting from unintentional acts or circumstances. Safety officer A member of the Command Staff responsible for monitoring incident operations and advising the IC on all matters relating to operational safety, including the health and safety of emergency responder personnel.
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Security breach An unforeseen event or occurrence that endangers life or property and may result in the loss of services or system equipment. Security console Specialized furniture, racking, and related apparatus used to house the security equipment required in a control center.
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Sensitivity Ability of an analytical method to detect small concentrations of radioactive material. Sensor processing Equipment and computer processors that receive sensor inputs and determine if an alarm condition exists.
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the first three digits of a Social Security number are determined by the ZIP code of the mailing address shown on the application for a Social Security number. The middle two digits are the group number.
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State liaison A FEMA official assigned to a particular state, who handles initial coordination with the state in the early stages of an emergency. Stationary vehicle bomb An explosive-laden car or truck stopped or parked near a building.
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System 2 A composite of people (employees, passengers, others) , property (facilities and equipment)
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Technical specialists Personnel with special skills that can be used anywhere within the ICS organization. No minimum qualifications are prescribed, as technical specialists normally perform the same duties during an incident that they perform in their everyday jobs, and they are typically certified in their fields or professions.
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The General Risk RISK = PROBABILITY × CONSEQUENCE Equation "Probability" is an indication of the frequency and severity of an event – a characterization of "threat." "Consequence" is an indication of the effects of that event on people, assets, or functions. Thermally tempered Glass that is heat-treated to have a higher tensile strength and resistance to blast glass (TTG)
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- Category 3 - Marginal. May cause minor injury or transit system damage, or financial loss.
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Trade secret All forms and types of financial, business, scientific, technical, economic, or engineering information, including patterns, plans, compilations, program devices, formulas, designs, prototypes, methods, techniques, processes, procedures, programs, or codes, whether tangible or intangible, and whether or how stored, compiled, or memorialized physically, electronically, graphically, photographically, or in writing if (a) the owner thereof has taken reasonable measures to keep such information secret; and (b)
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Type A classification of resources in the ICS that refers to capability. Type 1 is generally considered to be more capable than Types 2, 3, or 4, respectively, because of size; power; capacity; or, in the case of incident management teams, experience and qualifications.
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silvery-white, shiny metallic ore that contains a minute amount of uranium-234 (U-234)
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Visual surveillance The aggressor uses ocular and photographic devices (such as binoculars and cameras with telephoto lenses) to monitor facility or installation operations or to see assets.
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Water taxis Very small passenger-only ferries (about 50 feet or less in length) that may operate in both fixed-route and on-demand service, depending on the time of day and patronage levels.
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reduce their intensity than do beta or alpha particles. X-rays and gamma rays differ primarily in their origin: x-rays originate in the electronic shell; gamma rays originate in the nucleus.
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