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From page 64... ... 64 C H A P T E R 5 The transportation operating environment creates significant challenges for security planners charged with determining which of the agency's assets require protection. This chapter frames the question for decisionmakers and then summarizes some of the methods used to rate and prioritize critical assets. Read the entire page →
From page 65... ... Infrastructure Protection 65 Garages, Yards, and Maintenance Facilities Utilities Administrative Facilities Rolling Stock Stations, Stops, Terminals and Intermodal Facilities Operational Facilities/OCC Bridges and Tunnels Systems and Data People Right of Way Construction Sites Transit Agency Assets Source: Adapted from FTA Transit Security Design Considerations, 2004 Transit Stations -- used for boarding and alighting of transit passengers and for fare collection; they can be below-grade, at-grade, or elevated. Their high-profile, large-volume pedestrian traffic and central locations integrated with surrounding uses make them likely targets for terrorist attack. Read the entire page →
From page 66... ... 66 Security 101: A Physical Security Primer for Transportation Agencies Methods to Rate and Prioritize Critical Assets There are as many different approaches to performing the criticality analysis as there are available risk and vulnerability assessment methodologies. But regardless of the method undertaken, the basic steps remain the same -- inventory, factor, valuate, rank, order, and prioritize. Read the entire page →
From page 67... ... • Redundancy -- the availability of alternatives for use if the asset is lost; and • Symbolic importance -- the national significance of the asset. The third part of the identification process is the establishment of relative "values" that indicate the importance of the assets to the operations of the agency. Read the entire page →
From page 68... ... 68 Security 101: A Physical Security Primer for Transportation Agencies Justice (DOJ) to assess the vulnerability of federal office buildings in the United States, particularly to acts of terrorism and other forms of violence. Read the entire page →
From page 69... ... • Interior Security -- Employee/Visitor ID, Utilities, Occupant Emergency Plans; and • Security Planning -- Intelligence Sharing, Training, Admin Procedures. In October of 1995, Executive Order (E.O.) Read the entire page →
From page 70... ... 70 Security 101: A Physical Security Primer for Transportation Agencies • Dining Facilities • Elevators • Equipment and Maintenance Spaces • Fuel Storage Areas • General Office Space • Loading Docks • Lobbies and Waiting Areas • Mailrooms • Parking Garages • Pedestrian Entranceways • Public Corridors • Public Toilets and Service Areas • Refuse Collection Sites • Retail Areas • Roofs • Shipping and Receiving Areas • Stairwells • Utility Feeds • Vehicular Access and Circulation • Water Supply In addition the following systems or sub-systems should be considered for protective measures: • Command and Control • Communications • Electrical • Electronic Security • Emergency Power • Engineering • Entry Control • Fire Protection • Information Technology • Lighting • Mechanical • Physical Security • Structural • Ventilation FEMA 426 Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Acts against Buildings further illustrates the concept of security levels in determining the appropriate security countermeasures footprint. Building directly on the DOJ criteria, countermeasures solution sets are presented in table format in the manual. Read the entire page →
From page 71... ... Source: FEMA 426 Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Acts Against Buildings, 2003 Table 5-4. Security levels for determining security countermeasures. Read the entire page →
From page 72... ... 72 Security 101: A Physical Security Primer for Transportation Agencies bridges and tunnels engineered to traverse difficult terrain or geography, shorten travel distances, or simply improve the journey of system users. Although the infrastructure of the entire route is an important part of transportation agency security planning, bridges and tunnels, by virtue of their engineering, placement or cost, often are among the most critical assets of the agency. Read the entire page →
From page 73... ... Source: NCHRP Report 525: Volume 12 – Making Transportation Tunnels Safe and Secure, 2006 Type Description Sketch Immersed Tube Tunnel • Employed to traverse a water body • Preconstructed sections are placed in a preexcavated trench and connected • Typical materials include steel and concrete immersed tunnel sections • After placement, tunnel is covered with soil Cut-andCover Tunnel • In urban areas • Excavated from the surface, then constructed in place and backfill placed to bury structure • For subway line structures, subway stations, and subsurface highway structures • Typically concrete cast-in-place or precast sections • Steel framing and concrete fill Bored or Mined Tunnel • In urban or remote locations in land, on mountains, or through water bodies • Bored using a variety of techniques • Supported by initial and final support systems • Soft ground or rock tunneling • Structure may have various liner systems, including rock reinforcement, shotcrete, steel ribs and lattice girder, precast concrete segment, cast-in-place concrete, and fabricated steel lining Air-Rights Structure Tunnel • In urban areas • Created when a structure is built over a roadway or trainway using the roadway's or trainway's air rights • The limits that an air-rights structure imposes on the emergency accessibility and function of the roadway or trainway that is located beneath the structure should be assessed Figure 5-3. Transportation tunnel types. Read the entire page →
From page 74... ... 74 Security 101: A Physical Security Primer for Transportation Agencies commentary about the vast and expansive number of such assets in the United States. An additional recommendation, maximizing portability in bridge and tunnel security countermeasures deployment, may help overcome this security planning dilemma. Read the entire page →
From page 75... ... eliminating, reducing, or mitigating the potential use of the freight rail system as a target for terrorism or criminal attack or as a delivery system for a weapon of mass destruction. The program is partially funded by DHS grants under the FY08 Freight Railroad Security Plan (FRSP) Read the entire page →
From page 76... ... 76 Security 101: A Physical Security Primer for Transportation Agencies The need for improved radio communications was the highest rated requirement in the survey, receiving 96.4% in the "very important" and "important" categories. Controlled access to facilities was slightly lower at 94.8%. Read the entire page →
From page 77... ... Design Consideration State of Technology Maturity Scale of 1 (least mature) to 5 (most mature) Read the entire page →
From page 78... ... Design Consideration State of Technology Maturity Scale of 1 (least mature) to 5 (most mature) Read the entire page →
From page 79... ... Source: Adapted from FTA's Transit Security Design Considerations, 2004 Harden windows to prevent shattering 5 – Typical bus glazing is safety glass or polycarbonate Range of 1 to 3 New Provide video surveillance system 4 – Widely available Range of 6 to 10 – Systems without wireless communications are in wide use; integration with communication system adds significant cost All Ensure windows are free from any coverings and provide clear view in/out 5 – Many agencies have banned covering windows with advertising wraps 1– Low All 4. Isolating the driver from physical threats Enclose driver compartment 3 – Deployed to varying degrees 5 All Provide operator shield 3 – Deployed to varying degrees 5 All 5. Read the entire page →

From page 64...

... 64 C H A P T E R 5 The transportation operating environment creates significant challenges for security planners charged with determining which of the agency's assets require protection. This chapter frames the question for decisionmakers and then summarizes some of the methods used to rate and prioritize critical assets.