The Impact of Legislation, Enforcement, and Sanctions on Safety Belt Use (2007) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 6-13
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From page 6... ...
6As Figure 1 shows, there have been two important phases of safety belt legislative activity in the United States: 1) a period of initial laws, occurring primarily from 1984 through 1992, and 2)
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7SBU legislative activity appears to have initiated a timerelated effect that resulted in increased SBU in nonlaw states as well as in law states. This suggestion is based upon an examination of statewide survey data and data from 19 cities, which indicated that the trend was not evident prior to legislation, was greatest during the period of the most intense legislative activity, and subsided when legislative activity declined (Nichols and Jones, under review)
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8Reductions in deaths were smaller than expected, based upon the magnitude of changes in observed usage and the estimated effectiveness of safety belts in reducing deaths in potentially fatal crashes.14 Williams and Lund (1988) estimated that, given the change in observed use and the estimated effectiveness of safety belts, reductions should have been about 15%.
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From page 9... ...
at least half of these jurisdictions, changes in usage were associated with the upgrades in combination with highly visible enforcement. However, increases in usage in years immediately preceding these law changes were nearly always smaller than in postupgrade years, suggesting that the law changes were important factors in the acceleration of usage gains.
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From page 10... ...
10 states, and on the findings of studies of the economic costs of crashes,24 it is possible to estimate the cost savings associated with such interventions. If changes in SBU are known (observed or among occupants killed)
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costs. Economic savings are based on data from the most recent NHTSA economic costs reports.26 Table 3 shows that an estimated 252 deaths and 4,192 Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS)
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occupant deaths in three upgrade states (Alabama, Michigan, and New Jersey) from 2000 through 2003.
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From page 13... ...
Unlike the situation with initial safety belt laws, where time series analyses generally found lower impact (median: −9%) than would be expected based on changes in usage (about −15%)
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