Formulations for Aircraft and Airfield Deicing and Anti-Icing: Aquatic Toxicity and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (2009) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 91-93
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From page 91... ...
4-1 SECTION 4 CONCLUSIONS Literature and Data Review Literature compiled on the subject of aircraft and airfield deicers and anti-icers provides a valuable base of information to both the research team and the aviation industry as a whole. The FAA and SAE requirements, guidance, and standards for aircraft and airfield deicers and anti-icers and practices provide limited guidance on environmental characteristics.
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From page 92... ...
4-2 Efforts have been made lately to improve the environmental characteristics of deicers. Toxicities of some Type I ADF formulations have improved in recent years, and some European communities have developed restrictions on deicer components forcing a removal of additives such as triazoles and APE.
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From page 93... ...
4-3 temperatures consistently resulted in lower BOD exertion than standard-temperature tests. The degree of difference between standard- and low-temperature BOD results varied among tested products.
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