Applicability of Portable Explosive Detection Devices in Transit Environments (2004) / Chapter Skim
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6CHAPTER 2 EXPLOSIVE DETECTION DEVICES 2.1 PROPERTIES OF EXPLOSIVES It is useful to first examine the physical properties that are unique to explosives and examine how these properties define the technical challenge in detecting improvised explosive devices (IEDs)
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7in IEDs. Figure 1 shows the materials that were used in IEDs during a 5-year period from 1991 to 1996 (U.S.
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8the ions to a detector. The time it takes for the ions to reach a collection plate is measured.
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9Sample Gas Inlet Detector Plate DesiccantCarrier Gas Flow Gate GridRepelling Grid Guard Grid Ionization area (Ni 63) Drift tube Figure 2.
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10 However, if materials that have a strong affinity to adsorb electrons enter the chamber, they reduce the standing current, and this forms the basis of detection. Materials that have a strong electron affinity include Nitro (NO2)
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11 phenylmethylnitramine (Tetryl) , and ammonium nitrate.
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12 ing technologies that can be used for contraband detection, including detection of explosives. This review provides background in applications and a detailed outline of the technical capabilities and limitations of the current and emerging technologies.
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After the insertion of a swab into the device, the first phase, "vaporize," is initiated. The particles collected on the swab are heated at a high temperature (190 °C/374 °F)
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14 TABLE 5 Pricing of selected portable detection device equipment Component Price Lifetime Portable EDD $20,000 – $26,000 Dependent upon usage and maintenance. Replacement Air -- Purification Tubes $150 for a pack of 6 Dependent on the environment the system is being used in.
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Figure 8. Test article (handle)
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