Incident Command System (ICS) Training for Field-Level Supervisors and Staff (2016) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 7-42
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7 CHAPTER 2: COURSE DEVELOPMENT AND PILOT PROGRAMS NCHRP 20-59 (30) Incident Command System (ICS)
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8 BACKGROUND In 2013 the Transportation Research Board undertook NCHRP Synthesis 20-05/Topic 44-12, Interactive Training for All-Hazards Emergency Planning, Preparation, and Response for Maintenance and Operations Field Personnel, to discover what kinds of Incident Command System (ICS) training were being offered for State Department of Transportation (State DOT)
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9 from the front office to the front lines" in NCHRP Synthesis 468 (p.
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10 When State DOT personnel are in the field they need to be able to assert their roles in ICS to personnel in other professions who may not understand transportation personnel as emergency response providers, but only view them as ancillary "logistics" providers. As Caltrans' poster asserts, "No roads, no codes," meaning that without passable and safe highways the other emergency response providers cannot reach the victims or areas of need, so collaboration among highway patrol and State DOT personnel is essential to manage traffic and road operations, while collaboration with fire and EMS personnel is required to meet the life safety needs of the traveling public.
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11 long periods of time, and to sitting during the workday, the course was designed to take less than 1 hour to deliver the basic ICS refreshers (Module 1a) , and less than one hour to review the ICS position roles (Module 1b)
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12 engaged in using the supporting materials. Module 2 was developed to reinforce the classroom training using the "sandbox" approach with small cars and simulated road to demonstrate the ICS principles and possible State DOT field staff roles, from joining an existing ICS to starting an ICS.
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13 forces facing most of the typical challenges of State Highway System management, including a wide range of collaborators and hazards, provided a reasonable sample of probable reactions. Student evaluations were collected from 205 of the 278 individuals trained in nine districts over six months.
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14 Following the panel review in July a final revision was completed and course materials and an explanatory PowerPoint can be found at http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/173984.aspx. LITERATURE REVIEW Professional ICS There is a variety of training material available at the FEMA Independent Study website.
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15 Directive-8 (PPD-8) : National Preparedness (2011)
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16 define field responders in any category. (Edwards, 2015)
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17 removal project and forms that might be useful in organizing the debris removal program. ICS and Transportation The field response to any emergency event, including traffic accidents, requires the use of NIMS, and at the field-level NIMS is the Incident Command System (ICS)
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18 State DOT field level personnel serve a critical role in emergency response to events of all sizes, as the managers of the nation's critical highway infrastructure, and as the link between the traveling public and the emergency services that may need to be delivered. "No roads, no codes," is indeed a true slogan.
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19 Using Knowles' paradigms the "ICS for Field-Level Transportation Supervisors and Staff" incorporates didactic training of under one hour, paired with participatory engagement and kinetic activities to reinforce learning. Further, Zmeyov (1998)
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20 The "ICS for Field-Level Transportation Supervisors and Staff" is designed to impart some basic knowledge about ICS through a lecture format that also uses practical application examples for check-in, check-out, demobilization and data collection. It includes segments on developing a personal support kit and professional support kit for work, and engaging in family preparedness activities to ensure the family's ability to manage in a disaster without the employee.
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21 The "ICS for Field Level Transportation Supervisors and Staff" course is designed to meet the needs for refreshing ICS knowledge in a short time in a way that will engender interest in the participants and enhance learning. COURSE MATERIALS The course materials were developed using the standard FEMA IS-100.b as the base.
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22 reflect events and disaster types that are familiar to the audience. This was packaged as the Instructor Guide, which included guidance on running a "sandbox" exercise.
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23 based on his guidance the materials were sent to the NCHRP panel for peer review and comment. Their modifications were integrated into the materials after each set of comments was received.
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24 responsible for life safety issues, the law enforcement agency is responsible for traffic flow, and the transportation agency is responsible for the usability of the road for safe passage. An ICS subject matter expert from an urban area noted that when he was IC at an event on the state highway system he always integrated State DOT into ICS when there was an accident or spill on the road, and looked to them for guidance on when the highway could safely be opened.
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25 immediately obvious challenges, document immediately available resources for managing the event, and start the ICS documentation. Whenever highway patrol arrives there can be a turnover of command, with the new IC benefitting from the information collection and the beginning of the ICS structure.
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26 reimbursement. The course notes that ICS is a seldom-used skill for most State DOT personnel, and describes how safety, personnel accountability and assistance with reimbursement are important parts of a State DOT worker's implementation of ICS in the field.
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27 collaboration with other agencies are provided as a PowerPoint show with a script. State DOTs can use these as models to develop additional briefing topics that are relevant to the state and district.
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28 form, while the other nine were conducted after the interviewees had received copies of the instructor and student manuals and the complete supervisor's folder, including the Quick Start cards. They were asked a consistent set of questions about ICS and transportation in their jurisdictions.
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29 emergency event. One noted that their system has worked well and described a robust cooperative relationship with FHWA's emergency repair program.
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30 transportation-specific, where the illustrations and examples closely match their personal work environments, and where interactive teaching methods are used. "For field staff, sitting in front of a computer [for IS-100, IS-200 and IS-700]
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31 employees on the job." Three interviewees said they would build a "lunch and learn" session around the family preparedness information. One interviewee said he would add these fliers to an existing employee readiness program that lacked family resources.
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32 prompt for the dispatcher. He suggested that some training on the interface between the field and the TMC in an ICS event would be beneficial.
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33 8. How could the course delivery model be improved?
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34 notification protocols. Having a MSWord version of the cards would allow agencies to customize their card sets to match their local protocols.
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35 1. The ICS seminar was useful for me in my State DOT role: [205 responses]
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36 5. Today's ICS seminar and exercise provided adequate information for me to work effectively in an ICS event: [197 responses]
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37 Response Numbe ICS roles 28 ICS structure 26 ICS processes 18 Communication 15 ICS 11 Documentation 10 Kits 10 Safety 10 4. The most useful information in the sandbox exercise was: (The student had to write a phrase without prompts)
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38 At the first class several students suggested to the instructors that adding law enforcement representatives to the training would be helpful. The State DOT invited highway patrol district representatives to attend the rest of the district-level training sessions, but no one ever came.
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39 ANALYSIS The Findings demonstrate that the "Incident Command System (ICS) for Field Level Transportation Supervisors and Staff" course is likely to achieve the goals of providing ICS training to field level staff in a meaningful way that relates to both transportation activities and their field work environment.
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40 the ICS implementation. With this real event fresh in their minds the Amtrak leaders agreed that this ICS training would also benefit rail-based personnel.
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41 REFERENCES Bricker, Lew, Tanya Petermann, Margaret Hines, and Jocelyn Sands.
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42 Federal Emergency Management Agency.
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