Use of Metabolomics to Advance Research on Environmental Exposures and the Human Exposome Workshop in Brief (2016) / Chapter Skim
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Use of Metabolomics to Advance Research on Environmental Exposures and the Human Exposome
Use of Metabolomics to Advance Research on Environmental Exposures and the Human Exposome
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For this reason, the Standing Committee on Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop2 to examine the potential for using metabolomics to characterize human environmental exposures and the exposome. Proofs-of-concept were discussed in two case studies on the cause of human Eosinophilic esophagitis and the effect of toxic pollutants on pregnancy in rats.
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are exposed through occupation, diet, or other Instead, metabolomics measures both endogmeans. More than 90% of deaths and disease in the enous compounds created and assembled by our United States and other developed countries are bodies and the exogenous compounds introduced due to some kind of environmental exposure, either by ingestion and our environmental exposures; the an excess or a deficiency, noted Wishart.
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helped drive interest in the insights possible through metabolomics, said Steve Rappaport of the University of California at Berkeley. looked at more than 17,000 expressed traits studied Chirag Patel of Harvard University Medical under- in more than 14 million human twin pairs and scored the idea that metabolomics technologies calculated that the average heritability of all traits represent an affordable option for comprehensively is 0.49.4 This suggests that the exposome can help accessing exposure data.
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The research also environmental monitoring data. Metabolomics can encompasses understanding the role of combined be used on samples collected through these studies environmental exposures, including the microbiome to determine the relationship between exposures and nonchemical stressors, such as psychosoand risk-predictive intermediate biomarkers.
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Wishart and Alternatively, researchers can use a targeted, Athersuch discussed some of the different analytical knowledge-driven approach to focus on particular chemistry instruments being used in metabolomic metabolites. studies, including nuclear magnetic resonance Many of the methods used for untargeted analysis spectroscopy, direct infusion mass spectrom- were developed by the Human Metabolome Project etry, time of flight mass spectrometry, and mass (HMP)
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with or without mass spectrometry Opportunities can identify many primary small metabolites, Fiehn Metabolomics relies on analytical chemistry for said. GC-TOF is also good at identifying volatile identifying metabolites and analytical chemists face compounds, he said.
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Although the group's Global Analyzing Metabolomics Data Natural Products Social Molecular Networking Metabolomics data can be collected through software platform is not published, it has more a range of chemistry tools and methods, but than 4,000 users in more than 80 countries. The analyzing the data requires additional approaches software's knowledge base includes what chemists that go beyond those conventionally used by know about how molecules fall apart to find related analytical chemists.
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metabolomics databases that, when consid- The harder part from a risk standpoint is the lack ered together, contain spectral data for 40,000 of understanding regarding how much additivity compounds, but more than 40 million compounds may exist or if the endogenous load is sufficient are listed in PubChem and ChemSpider. to produce disease states, Daston cautioned.
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Athersuch had been identified. He argued that research such agreed on the "great need" for national and inter- as the work led by Stanley Hazen of the Cleveland national collaboration to try to harmonize protocols Clinic using an untargeted metabolomics approach for international sharing of the data generated from to produce small-molecule metabolic profiles in precious sample resources.
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"Having greater metabolomics data [may biological samples collected to include some with help identify] the next level of logical organization longer residence times to provide more information that leads from those initial interactions to disease about accumulated exposures, including hair, teeth, state on the organ or organismal level," he said.
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How to deal in a sophisticated may get us into trouble," she cautioned. Not all way with the data about simultaneous exposure to a metabolites are the result of chemical reactions with environmental exposures.
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The statements made are those of the authors or individual meeting participants and do not necessarily represent the views of all meeting participants, the planning committee, the Standing Committee on Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions, or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The summary was reviewed in draft form by Toby Athersuch, Imperial College; Erin Baker, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Elaine Cohen-Hubal, U.S.
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