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Women and Health Research Ethical and Legal Issues of Including Women in Clinical Studies: Volume 2: Workshop and Commissioned Papers (1994) / Chapter Skim
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8 Recruitment and Retention of Women in Clinical Studies: Theoretical Perspectives and Methodological Considerations
Pages 45-51

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From page 45...
... This paper presents an overview of relevant differences between men and women, flee implications of these differences for recrui~anent and retention, and some practical considerations for researchers conducting studies with female subjects. TEIE DYNAMICS OF RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION In clinical studies, the assessment of recruitment and retention is typically reported with quantitative measures such as the number of subjects screened for a study, the yield from specific recruitment sources, the subjects' adherence to a schedule of clinic visits, and the subjects' adherence to a regimen with an investigational medication.
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From page 46...
... The interaction between researcher and participant then continues with the informed consent process in which the study design, risks, benefits, alternatives, researcher's responsibilities, and extent of the participant commitment are reviewed. Throughout the study's data collection phase, subjects fulfill their commitment to the researchers and the study protocol by performing a variety of specified behavioral tasks such as visiting the clinical center regularly for health assessments, completing health questionnaires, following a diet, or taking medication.
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From page 47...
... Contemporary views of life span theory suggest that the sequence and intensity of the predictable life stages of adults are Duly different in men and women, even in today's society in which women have gained filller participation. These differences arise from the impact of childbearing and parenting, which remain female functions, and social changes, such as improved occupational mobility, which arose from the woman's movement.
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From page 48...
... The life development pattern for men in early and middle adulthood is primarily focused on career achievement, with parenting generally relegated to a secondary role. After the attainment of career goals in mid-life, men's primary focus is thought to shift away from career issues and toward the enrichment of relationships with family and community.
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From page 49...
... Although concerns about mobility are evidenced in older men and women, the fact that heart disease manifests itself at a later age in women increases the recruidnent and retention difficulties inherent in heart disease studies in women. METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR RESEARCEIERS What actions can researchers talce to assure the filll participation of women in clinical studies?
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From page 50...
... Women with young children may be willing to participate in clinical studies if they can complete their clinic visits during school hours, or if the clinical center will provide short-term child care. Some interested women may be willing to participate if the clinical center offers evening and Saturday appointments.
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From page 51...
... The multiple and open conflicting roles of contemporary women leave women with little spare time. Women who participate in clinical studies, who have given Weir time and energy, should be recognized for their contribution.
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Key Terms

  • clinical center
  • heart disease
  • human development
  • study protocol
  • female subjects

  • parenting responsibilities
  • health assessments
  • clinic visits
  • behavioral requirements
  • middle adulthood

  • gender differences
  • child care
  • career aspirations
  • quantitative measures
  • hormone replacement

  • life span
  • consent process
  • social context
  • recruitment materials
  • study subjects

  • clinical experience
  • span theory
  • past adolescence
  • improved occupational
  • profoundly shaped

  • contemporary views
  • indirectly affect
  • behavioral tasks
  • obtain administrative
  • equal participation


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