Obesity in the Early Childhood Years State of the Science and Implementation of Promising Solutions: Workshop Summary (2016) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
4 Effective Interventions: What Works?
4 Effective Interventions: What Works?
Pages 39-54
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 39... ...
(Ward) • Family-focused interventions to promote healthy lifestyles, im prove parenting skills, and target broader family life have had significant effects on childhood obesity.
|
From page 40... ...
. Taveras reported that community nurses conducted eight home visits lasting 1 to 2 hours, one occurring prenatally and the other seven in the first 2 years of life.
|
From page 41... ...
. Also, none of the interventions focused only on pregnancy re sulted in improved childhood obesity outcomes (Blake-Lamb et al., 2016)
|
From page 42... ...
Initiatives focused on child development could take advantage of critical periods to lay a foundation for good nutriion,t physical activity, sleep, and other important health behaviors. For example, Taveras is involved in an intervention in community health centers in the Boston area designed to change how families interface with all the different programs and settings -- such as obstetrics and gynecology clinics, pediatric clinics, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
|
From page 43... ...
SOURCES: Presented by Elsie Taveras on October 6, 2015 (Blake-Lamb et al., 2016)
|
From page 44... ...
For this purpose, they should use growth charts, prenatal risk factors, behavioral risk factors, and other measures. Second, Paul said, pediatricians should educate.
|
From page 45... ...
. tell the parents that the child has a problem." The difficulty for pediatricians becomes clear, Paul suggested, if one examines the third edition of Bright Futures, which lists several priorities for a 2-year well child visit, including assessment of language development, temperament and behavior, toilet training, television viewing, and safety (Hagan et al., 2008)
|
From page 46... ...
As a final example of partnering, Paul mentioned NET-Works (Now Everybody Together for Amazing and Healthful Kids Study) , a randomized controlled trial involving an intervention that integrates home, community, primary care, and neighborhood strategies (Sherwood et al., 2013)
|
From page 47... ...
and levels of influence and contexts (b) to promote healthy practices in early care and education settings.
|
From page 48... ...
. Also at the organizational level, eating-related modifications with potential, Ward observed, include providing fruits or vegetables prior to main offerings; offering regular food tasting and cooking opportunities; creating a garden at an ECE program; instituting firm policies on foods brought from home, including food for celebrations; and using family-style dining (Mikkelsen et al., 2014; Ward and Erinosho, 2014)
|
From page 49... ...
She added that even less is known about the role of ECE professionals in physical activity, with some evidence indicating that joining in play and being a role model are associated with more activity among children. "We need to do more research in this area," she asserted, "particularly about providing informal education, prompting, and not punishing children for being active." Ward stated that an important issue that has not been well explored is how to engage parents in supporting the role of the ECE setting in the development of healthy eating patterns and regular physical activity.
|
From page 50... ...
And the effects of vigorous physical activity need to be explored to see whether that emphasis should be reintroduced to the ECE setting, Ward suggested. EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS IN THE HOME SETTING Since 2012 at least 16 randomized controlled trials of family-focused interventions for reducing obesity in children 5 years old or less have been completed, and another 9 are currently in progress or have results pending, noted Kirsten Davison, associate professor of nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health.
|
From page 51... ...
"There may be real opportunities in partnering with people looking at different outcomes, whether it be oral health, child developmental disorders, and so forth." In addition, she observed, most programs work with highly selected samples and are limited to a single setting. Family retention is a challenge, with dropout rates ranging from 32 percent to 73 percent (Skelton et al., 2011)
|
From page 52... ...
Finally, the integration of social media and web applications into family interventions could be considered to increase family engagement and reduce attrition. DISCUSSION SESSION Integrating Across Levels During the discussion period, the panelists turned their attention to how to connect different interventions across settings, age levels, and institutions.
|
From page 53... ...
A supportive envi ronment and reinforcement of the efforts they make can help staff promote healthy nutrition and physical activity, she asserted. Messaging and Empowerment In response to a question about the messages that need to be sent, Paul said, "There is not a single silver bullet here as far as the message.
|
From page 54... ...
"If we know that short sleep duration or poor sleep hygiene is a risk factor for childhood obesity and later obesity, and if we focus on the thing that is de sirable to parents such as prolonging sleep duration, parents want that.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.