Data to Support Transportation Agency Business Needs: A Self-Assessment Guide (2015) / Chapter Skim
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90 A P P E N D I X D Data Improvement Catalog
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Data Improvement Catalog 91 This appendix provides two resources for idenfying potenal data improvements. The first resource is a checklist of data improvement ideas, organized by type of improvement (e.g., informaon technology, data collecon, and data governance)
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92 Data to Support Transportation Agency Business Needs: A Self-Assessment Guide q Develop and document data validaon business rules q Idenfy business requirements for historical data q Enhance communicaon strategies to increase awareness of agency data products and services q Create standard new staff orientaon briefing on available data and how to use it Data Collecon/Processing/Quality Improvement q Iniate new data collecon or acquision effort q Disconnue current data collecon effort q Change spaal coverage and/or frequency of exisng data collecon effort q Change exisng data collecon method (e.g., outsourcing, new technology, different equipment, and new sampling approach) q Implement new/improved data quality assurance/quality control procedure q Coordinate or combine exisng data collecon efforts across business areas or across the enterprise q Harvest data from exisng processes or sources (e.g., asset extracon from as-builts)
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Data Improvement Catalog 93 2. Data Management Improvement Strategies, Examples and Resources (organized by assessment element)
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94 Data to Support Transportation Agency Business Needs: A Self-Assessment Guide • A governance approach to use data as an enterprise asset, including mission goals and success measures • Defini ons of governance roles and responsibili es • The development of core business processes for successful governance implementa on and detailed flow charts outlining steps, roles, and responsibili es for governance ac vi es (e.g., priori zing governance issues, monitoring progress on tasks and projects, and establishing and implemen ng new policies) • Descrip ons of data products and 12 corporate datasets • Processes for doing data quality assessments and the results of applying the processes to several core datasets • Assessment criteria for evalua ng data processes and corporate data and the results of applying the criteria to three high-priority datasets • Recommenda ons for an enterprise data architecture, including aributes and benefits of meta data and an outline for data catalogs • An implementa on plan and schedule For more informa on: Coco Briseno, California DOT, coco.briseno@dot.ca.gov hp://dot.ca.gov/hq/tsip/data_library/data_governance/CTS_DataBusinessPlan_8_29_11.pdf State of Colorado Data Management Program The State of Colorado has established a strong data management program in the Governor's Office of Informa on Technology.
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Data Improvement Catalog 95 Responsibilies of the Commiee are to • Develop a strategy and process for implemenng knowledge management governance throughout the organizaon, to include the following: - Guidance on priories for implemenng governance on enterprise informaon, data, and content - Priorizaon of governance tasks - Creaon and tasking of implementaon teams - Guidance on developing a governance manual documenng the framework - Developing a plan for communicang the iniave to the organizaon - Idenfying a process for change management and training to support the governance framework and iniaves. • Develop and recommend a detailed governance framework to - Define roles and responsibilies in governance (e.g., board/council, steward, custodian, and stakeholder)
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96 Data to Support Transportation Agency Business Needs: A Self-Assessment Guide • Coordinang informaon sharing • Moderang issues from data stewards • Sponsoring the knowledge base • Verifying adherence to standard data concepts and definions defined by the department and the statewide DTMB • Empowering funconal areas to audit and enforce data integrity in compliance with the Data Management Policy • Recommending data stewardship resources and resource levels • Reporng progress to execuves and monitoring industry and corporate trends The Council has adopted a three-er model for implemenng data governance in the department. MDOT has defined a data manager role with the current focus on key data categories -- including capital program data, GIS, and asset data.
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Data Improvement Catalog 97 • Spa al data • Regulatory data • Recorded events data • Suppor ng assets data Within the domains, 120 subject area stewards have been iden fied and are undergoing training to clarify stewardship expecta ons, role, and responsibili es. Data domain stewards meet monthly.
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98 Data to Support Transportation Agency Business Needs: A Self-Assessment Guide -h p://ntl.bts.gov/lib/48000/48500/48531/6E33210B.pdf Virginia Department of Transportaon (VDOT) VDOT's System Operaons Directorate created a data business plan that provided a framework for meeng the Department's data needs related to maintenance, traffic engineering, and traffic operaons.
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Data Improvement Catalog 99 • Review exisng data and informaon policies and periodically prepare reports summarizing the effecveness of current pracces while implemenng work plans to address gaps, inconsistencies, and any conflicng or unclear direcon • Develop policies that promote efficient and strategic use of data and informaon resources for all aspects of data collecon, storage, management, findability, and access • Idenfy roles and responsibilies for enforcement, accountability, and authority that support conformance with the data and informaon principles • Provide execuves with annual reports on accomplishments, improvements resulng from policy changes, and policy issues under consideraon. The Execuve Order further directs all employees to make effic ient and strategic use of data and informaon and directs WSDOT regions, execuves, directors, and employees to align their pracces with the data and informaon principles and policies.
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100 Data to Support Transportation Agency Business Needs: A Self-Assessment Guide • Conducted workshops around the state to determine freight data user needs • Iden fied data gaps, redundancies, inaccuracies, and weaknesses in current data collec on. Research results revealed the absence of links between different data sources and gaps in the availability of needed data.
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Data Improvement Catalog 101 ELEMENT 2: Data Life Cycle Management Improvements Data life cycle management pracces include • Standard Operang Procedures -- for data collecon, updang, loading, backups, and archiving • Data Change Management -- data change impact analysis and governance processes to minimize unintended consequences of changes to data structures or codes • Data Catalogs and Diconaries -- documenng data tables and columns in a standard manner; providing catalogs of agency data sets that facilitate understanding of and access to available data • Data Curaon Profiles -- a standard method for documenng "the story" of a research data set -- describing its origin and role in a research project • Data Management Plans -- plans that describe how data sets are to be managed throughout their life cycle, covering formats, documentaon, storage, access, and re-use • Data Retenon Schedules and Archiving -- processes for determining how long different data sets will be kept, and strategies for archiving data that need to be retained, but are not in acve use • Data Access Policies -- classificaon of data sets for controlling access to sensive or confidenal data; establishment of policies for data access • Data Delivery Pla orms -- implementaon of data query and reporng tools to facilitate delivery of data to users in various convenient, useful, and usable forms Examples Cornell University -- Data Curaon Sciensts at Cornell University researched methods for increasing University and public access to demographic data. The research was designed to investigate the idea of using an external data repository that could offer web APIs similar to those being used at the University and that the public could use to access data.
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102 Data to Support Transportation Agency Business Needs: A Self-Assessment Guide Michigan DOT (MDOT) Change Management.
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Data Improvement Catalog 103 • Replacement of stac reports with more interacve, flexible, user-driven reports in the agency's crystal reports web portal For more informaon: Charles Stech, Minnesota DOT, Charles.stech@state.mn.us Oregon Department of Administrave Services The Oregon Department of Administraon Services (DAS) has adopted a formal policy to ensure that the state's informaon assets are idenfied, properly classified, and protected throughout their life cycles.
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104 Data to Support Transportation Agency Business Needs: A Self-Assessment Guide For more informaon: hp://onlinemanuals.txdot.gov/txdotmanuals/trm/data_maintenance_responsibility.htm Utah Department of Transportaon (UDOT) UDOT has gained naonal aenon with the implementaon of t he UDOT GIS Access to the Transportaon Enterprise (UGATE)
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Data Improvement Catalog 105 check boxes to choose from base maps and data layers. The GeoPortal allows users to • Measure distance or areas • Share maps via a URL link • View various city, district, and legislave boundaries • Select from various imagery, topographical, aerial, and other base maps • Locate mileposts, geographic coordinates, and street addresses For more informaon: hp://www.wsdot.wa.gov/mapsdata/tools/geoportal_ext.htm Resources The Data Management Associaon Data Management Body of Knowledge hp://www.dama.org/content/body-knowledge FHWA Asset Management Data Collecon for Supporng Decision Processes hp://www.wa.dot.gov/asset/dataintegraon/if08018/assetmgmt_web.pdf Council on Library and Informaon Resources -- Data Curaon hp://www.clir.org/iniaves-partnerships/data-curaon Data Curaon Profiles Toolkit hp://datacuraonprofiles.org/ Data Management Plan Guidance hp://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/howguides/develop-data-plan and hps://purr.purdue.edu/dmp funconal classificaon, interchange drawings, city limits, and state routes.
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106 Data to Support Transportation Agency Business Needs: A Self-Assessment Guide ELEMENT 3: Data Architecture and Integra on Improvements The following strategies can be pursued to establish standard data structures and management approaches to enable improved integraon across different data sources: • Common Geospa al Referencing -- development, adopon, and ongoing maintenance of standard methods for measuring and referencing spaal locaons, including locaons along linear networks (e.g., based on highway route and distance from known reference point)
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Data Improvement Catalog 107 districts, legislave boundaries, unincorporated places, census tracks and block groups, and adjusted census urban areas. The "master" LRS data is made possible by collaborave contrib uons under a shared services model where all agencies contribute to the overall budget and can benefit from results.
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108 Data to Support Transportation Agency Business Needs: A Self-Assessment Guide Oregon DOT Oregon DOT has draed a statewide Road Centerline Data Standard to • Ensure the compability of datasets within the same framework feature set and between other framework feature sets and themes • Help agencies responsible for creang, maintaining, and distribung road centerline data sets by reducing the costs of data sharing, data development, and data maintenance • Ensure that road centerline aribuon (including geometry) is as current, accurate, and complete as possible by relying on local road authories The standard describes the essenal elements and data structure necessary to adequately describe, produce, and use road centerline data produced in Oregon.
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Data Improvement Catalog 109 ELEMENT 4: Data Collaboraon Improvements Strategies for establishing and suppor ng data partnerships include • Mul-Purpose Data Collecon -- adop ng principles, policies, and business processes for managing data as a strategic agency asset • Data Clearinghouses/Open Data Plaorms -- plaorms that enable mul ple par es to post data sets that others can discover and use; may include open data API access that enables data to be integrated into apps • Data Partnerships -- interagency ini a ves to collabora vely acquire, build, and maintain data sets of common interest • Data-Sharing Agreements– agreements between organiza ons that establish ground rules for data sharing, including restric ons on use • Data Outsourcing -- Leveraging available private-sector data sources Examples Massachuses Department of Transportaon (MassDOT) MassDOT began an Open Data Ini a ve in 2009, making available some data feeds to the public, and encouraging app developers to use these data feeds to provide the traveling public with useful informa on.
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110 Data to Support Transportation Agency Business Needs: A Self-Assessment Guide State of Utah Spa al data is being shared across agencies and with the public through a Utah state managed Automated Geographic Reference Center (AGRC) clearinghouse.
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Data Improvement Catalog 111 ELEMENT 5: Data Quality Improvements Data quality improvement strategies include • Metrics -- establishing and reporng metrics for assessing and describing data quality. • Data Valida on Rules -- establishing business rules for data validity (e.g., acceptable ranges or variaons from a prior observaon)
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112 Data to Support Transportation Agency Business Needs: A Self-Assessment Guide • Truck weighing and data collecon at truck weigh sites • Traffic monitoring data formats The guide includes integrated sample designs for traffic monitoring and discusses sampling techniques as well as methods and measures for managing variability, enhancing data quality, and developing esmaon procedures. For more informaon: hp://www.wa.dot.gov/policyinformaon/tmguide/ FHWA Crash Data Improvement Program (CDIP)
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Data Improvement Catalog 113 For more informaon: www.nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811441.pdf hp://www.nhtsa.gov/Data/Traffic+Records The Inter-American Development Bank The Inter-American Development Bank, Department of Infrastructure and Environment, completed an Assessment of Transport Data Availability and Quality in Lan America to idenfy transport data availability, coverage, and quality within selected developing countries to determine where there are gaps in data needed to esmate greenhouse gas emissions. The assessment established a scale of 1-5 to rate quality and also evaluated • The availability of me-series data • Whether the data was subject to quality assurance protocols • The accessibility of the data • The enes responsible for data collecon • The cycle for collecng data For more informaon: www.iadb.org MDOT The Michigan DOT Intermodal Management System (IMS)
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Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005)
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TRA N SPO RTATIO N RESEA RCH BO A RD 500 Fifth Street, N W W ashington, D C 20001 A D D RESS SERV ICE REQ U ESTED ISBN 978-0-309-37485-9 9 7 8 0 3 0 9 3 7 4 8 5 9 9 0 0 0 0 N O N -PR O FIT O R G .
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