Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry (2016) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 64-88
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 64... ...
64 This chapter provides a brief history of the development of the off-shore oil and gas industry and the safety efforts made since its inception. The discussion draws heavily on Wake-Up Call: Accidents and Safety Provision in the Gulf of Mexico Offshore Industry (Priest 2008a)
|
From page 65... ...
History of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry and the Development of Safety Efforts 65 trying to adapt land-drilling methods offshore, fitting complex drilling and production facilities onto small platforms, using untested designs and procedures, and handling dangerous equipment and flammable materials, all in an adverse marine environment that frequently exposed workers and equipment to high winds and waves as well as corrosive salt water. In addition, high operational costs intensified pressure to surmount these challenges within the shortest time possible (Priest 2008a)
|
From page 66... ...
66 Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry oil service sector, creating a distinct offshore industry sector that utilized services in marine geophysical surveying, offshore engineering and construction, transportation (boats and helicopters) , diving, and mobile drilling (Priest 2007)
|
From page 67... ...
History of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry and the Development of Safety Efforts 67 necessary to identify geological structures beneath the ocean floor resulted in a number of problems, ranging from headaches due to breathing in the fumes from an explosion (Shell News 1939, 15) to deaths and injuries due to onboard explosions (premature ignition)
|
From page 68... ...
68 Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry supervision. For example, it was evident that these mobile drilling vessels, especially the jack-ups, had design flaws that contributed to their instability (Calvert 1957b)
|
From page 69... ...
History of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry and the Development of Safety Efforts 69 procedures for drilling, plugging and abandoning wells, determining well production rates, and installing subsurface safety devices or storm chokes (Priest 2008a, 144)
|
From page 70... ...
70 Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry but the union's organizing actions helped improve safety standards and technologies in the 1970s and provided the impetus for the creation of new USCG regulations. In addition, diving injuries and fatalities forced operators to require proof of insurance from their diving contractors and focused both operators and diving contractors on reducing accidents (Priest 2008a, 148)
|
From page 71... ...
History of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry and the Development of Safety Efforts 71 While the immediate causes of these accidents were found to be material–design failure (e.g., Sea Gem collapse [Burke 2013] and Alexander Kielland capsizing [Officer of the Watch 2013]
|
From page 72... ...
72 Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry Arctic and deepwater environments. The report also noted that at the time, there were no regulatory requirements for submitting integrated safety plans addressing technical, managerial, and other aspects of offshore safety operations and that "insufficient funding by the federal government may result in inadequate rig safety inspections and monitoring efforts" (OTA 1985, 7)
|
From page 73... ...
History of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry and the Development of Safety Efforts 73 In the early 1970s, the industry tried using a new approach to improve safety offshore, involving collaboration between the industry and USGS. The Offshore Operators Committee and the American Petroleum Institute's (API)
|
From page 74... ...
74 Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry companies reported only what they legally had to report (i.e., only major incidents)
|
From page 75... ...
History of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry and the Development of Safety Efforts 75 the deeper waters of the Gulf of Mexico -- a venture that paid off when millions of barrels of oil were recovered (National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling 2011)
|
From page 76... ...
76 Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry labor market, the growing use of contract personnel, and the emergence of smaller, independent operators without the necessary organizational structure for managing safety" (Priest 2008a, 150)
|
From page 77... ...
History of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry and the Development of Safety Efforts 77 this gap to the decades-long inability of the primary offshore regulators (MMS and USCG) to collect data systematically from all parties involved offshore -- operators, independents, contractors, and subcontractors -- which limited the ability to analyze trends and help the industry make continuous and timely improvements in offshore safety.
|
From page 78... ...
78 Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry of the Gulf, accidents continued to occur. Overall, however, there was a downward trend in rates of recordable and lost workday incidents across all segments of the offshore industry (production, construction, drilling, etc.)
|
From page 79... ...
History of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry and the Development of Safety Efforts 79 in the process of temporarily abandoning a well it was working in approximately 5,100 feet of water. Eleven of the 126 crewmembers died in the incident, many others were injured, and all personnel had to evacuate the rig.
|
From page 80... ...
80 Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry area in which significant change was needed. (See Box 3-1 for a list of the National Commission's findings related to safety culture.)
|
From page 81... ...
History of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry and the Development of Safety Efforts 81 culture, but leadership at all levels of the organization, from chief executive officer (CEO) , to first-level field supervisor, to entry-level employee or contractor, is essential for their successful implementation.
|
From page 82... ...
82 Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry called SEMS II, became effective on June 4, 2013 (BSEE n.d.-c)
|
From page 83... ...
History of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry and the Development of Safety Efforts 83 additional discussion of COS, its accomplishments to date regarding safety culture, and recommended changes for the future.) SUMMARY Offshore operations, equipment, and workplaces, as well as the workforce and the relationships among operators, contractors, and subcontractors, are complex.
|
From page 84... ...
84 Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry U.S. offshore oil and gas industry has gone from extracting oil and gas from the seabed a mile and a half offshore in 14 feet of water to extracting out to 200 miles offshore in 10,000 feet of water.
|
From page 85... ...
History of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry and the Development of Safety Efforts 85 tors operating on a single facility can further increase the challenges associated with maintaining a common safety culture, effectively managing personnel, and executing the responsibility of maintaining safe working conditions. • High-impact accidents have very low probability.
|
From page 86... ...
86 Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry in_the_US_Gulf_of_Mexico_1964_to_2014:_A_personal_recollection_by_ Kenneth_E._(KEN) _Arnold.
|
From page 87... ...
History of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry and the Development of Safety Efforts 87 Federal Register.
|
From page 88... ...
88 Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry Priest, T
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.