Measuring Trauma Workshop Summary (2016) / Chapter Skim
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4 Collecting Trauma Data About Children
4 Collecting Trauma Data About Children
Pages 39-50
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From page 39... ...
The NCTSN uses the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) , including the Trauma History Profile, as part of their core dataset.
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From page 40... ...
Some events are more likely to co-occur among children, especially in early childhood. For example witnessing domestic violence, physical abuse, psychological maltreatment, neglect, and impaired caregiving can form a constellation of early childhood exposures.
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From page 41... ...
. Modeling constellations of trauma exposure in the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Core Data Set.
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From page 42... ...
In addition, symptom profiles may change as exposures occur across developmental periods. For example, when childhood sexual abuse is added to other early exposures, the symptom profile is dominated by posttraumatic stress relations related to the sexual abuse, perhaps masking some of the other trauma-related reactions.
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From page 43... ...
In terms of the transition to the DSM-5, Pynoos noted that the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index Trauma History Profile and the CAPS for children and adolescents are available. These now include wording for the new symptom items D and E (see Chapter 2)
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From page 44... ...
In young children, avoidant behavior may lead to restricted play or exploratory behavior; in adolescents, it may lead to reduced participation in new activities or missed developmental opportunities, such as dating and learning to drive. Pynoos emphasized that developmental outcomes need to be considered along with what has typically been considered to be functional impairment.
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From page 45... ...
He agreed with Pynoos that the most difficult cases to measure and treat involve children who have been exposed to multiple traumatic events. He added that there are events that can be potentially traumatic to children, but would not be similarly traumatic to adults, or even adolescents, so the developmental aspects of what may or may not be traumatic based on age is something that is important to consider when deciding what needs to be measured.
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From page 46... ...
That approach could reduce the likelihood of items being introduced simply because they happen to be of interest to someone at a particular moment or are subjectively considered potentially more traumatic than others by particular researchers. Beyond measuring potentially traumatic events, understanding the incident characteristics, the context of the event or events, and other background information about respondents can also be critical because they are often associated with the development of PTSD.
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From page 47... ...
Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) that questions on this topic are very susceptible to order effects and that the sequence of the sections also deserves careful attention.
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From page 48... ...
Saunders said that perceived confidentiality is a particularly important consideration when interviewing children because they tend not to understand or believe that the information they provide will be kept confidential. A related issue is willful nondisclosure.
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From page 49... ...
This finding could be an indication that these children did not experience any repercussions after participating and that they found the explanation and information provided to them as part of the study helpful. Saunders also pointed out that collecting data about trauma in children means collecting data that can have legal implications.
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From page 50... ...
There is typically more convergence in data about child behavior than about internalizing problems, such as depression or PTSD, which definitely represents an analytic challenge. Pynoos commented that the topic of trauma presents special challenges in this regard because the link between traumatic exposure and behavior is rarely identified by parents and even less often by the schools.
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