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13 Bison Phylogeography Constrains Dispersal and Viability of the Ice-Free Corridor in Western Canada - Peter D. Heintzman, Duane Froese, John W. Ives, Andr. E. R. Soares, Grant D. Zazula, Brandon Letts, Thomas D. Andrews, Jonathan C. Driver, Elizabeth Hall, P. Gregory Hare, Christopher N. Jass, Glen MacKay, John R. Southon, Mathias Stiller, Robin Woywitka, Marc A. Suchard, and Beth Shapiro
Pages 257-274

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From page 257... ... * Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; ††Yukon Archaeology Program, Government of Yukon, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6, Canada; ‡‡Royal Alberta Museum, Edmonton, AB T5N 0M6, Canada; §§Keck-CCAMS Group, Earth System Science Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697; Department of Translational Skin Cancer Research, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, D-45141 Essen, Germany; ##Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; * Read the entire page →
From page 258... ... . This view gained support from numerous, misleadingly "old" radiocarbon ages from bulk deposits in the corridor region (MacDonald et al., 1987) Read the entire page →
From page 259... ... , Calgary (CA) , Charlie Lake Cave (CLC) Read the entire page →
From page 260... ... . Unfortunately, the limited and often perplexing archaeological evidence from the corridor region itself makes it difficult to assess directly when people, technologies, or both traversed the corridor after deglaciation (Ives et al., 2013) Read the entire page →
From page 261... ... . Previous work using radiocarbon and ancient DNA data demonstrated that bison mitochondrial genetic diversity (but not necessarily their morphological diversity) Read the entire page →
From page 262... ... RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A Refined Chronology for the Opening of the Postglacial Corridor To infer the chronology of the corridor linking Beringia and interior North America, we generated radiocarbon dates from 78 North American bison fossils, 49 of which were recovered from the corridor region (Table 13.1 and Dataset S1) Read the entire page →
From page 263... ... We then used these and previously published haplotypes to estimate a mitochondrial genealogy for a total of 192 late Pleistocene, Holocene, and present-day North American bison, including 37 from the corridor region and within the time frame of interest (Fig. Read the entire page →
From page 264... ... 14C Accession Number Calibrated Date (1σ) Clade Reference Tsiigehtchic, NWT 11,830 ± 45 OxA 18549 13,715–13,595 2 Zazula et al., 2009 Gallelli Pit, Calgary, AB 11,300 ± 290 RL-757 13,430–12,875 1a Shapiro et al., 2004 Chetwynd, BC 11,240 ± 70 OxA 11274 13,175–13,045 2b Shapiro et al., 2004 CloverBar, AB 11,255 ± 45 UCIAMS 117399 13,145–13,070 1a This study Tuktoyaktuk, NWT 11,185 ± 30 UCIAMS 81883 13,090–13,040 2 This study CloverBar, AB 11,140 ± 25 UCIAMS 125537 13,065–13,005 2b This study CloverBar, AB 11,110 ± 25 UCIAMS 125527 13,060–12,975 1a This study CloverBar, AB 11,115 ± 25 UCIAMS 125531 13,060–12,985 2a This study CloverBar, AB 11,105 ± 25 UCIAMS 125533 13,060–12,965 1 This study CloverBar, AB 11,100 ± 25 UCIAMS 125526 13,055–12,945 1a This study CloverBar, AB 11,100 ± 30 UCIAMS 125532 13,055–12,935 2b This study CloverBar, AB 11,085 ± 35 UCIAMS 125541 13,040–12,900 1a This study CloverBar, AB 11,080 ± 35 UCIAMS 117391 13,030–12,890 1a This study CloverBar, AB 11,080 ± 35 UCIAMS 117392 13,030–12,890 1a This study CloverBar, AB 11,080 ± 25 UCIAMS 125528 13,025–12,905 2b This study CloverBar, AB 11,075 ± 30 UCIAMS 117388 13,020–12,885 1a This study CloverBar, AB 11,050 ± 25 UCIAMS 125544 12,980–12,855 2b This study CloverBar, AB 11,040 ± 30 UCIAMS 117390 12,970–12,845 2b This study CloverBar, AB 11,030 ± 25 UCIAMS 125529 12,955–12,830 1a This study CloverBar, AB 11,010 ± 25 UCIAMS 125540 12,920–12,795 2b This study TwinBridges, AB 10,530 ± 30 UCIAMS 117384 12,555–12,430 1a This study Williston Lake, BC 10,460 ± 65 OxA 11272 12,540–12,190 2b Shapiro et al., 2004 Charlie Lake Cave, BC 10,505 ± 45 OxA 12085 12,540–12,420 1a Shapiro et al., 2004 Read the entire page →
From page 265... ... 13.2A. AB, Alberta; BC, British Columbia; NWT, Northwest Territories; YT, Yukon Territory. Read the entire page →
From page 266... ... Years before present 120,000 90,000 60,000 30,000 15,000 0 A North of 60°N South of 60°N 1A Clade 1 2A 2B Clade 2 B North to South South to North 120,000 90,000 60,000 30,000 15,000 0 Years before present PGC FIGURE 13.2 (A) A time-calibrated maximum clade credibility mitochondrial genealogy resulting from a Bayesian phylogeographic analysis of ~600 bp of the mitochondrial control region amplified from 192 bison. Read the entire page →
From page 267... ... . Data presented here and elsewhere demonstrate the critical role that continental ice sheets and the postglacial corridor played in biogeographic patterning among species and populations. Read the entire page →
From page 268... ... . Consequences of the Postglacial Corridor Chronology for North American Human Prehistory The expansion of bison into the corridor region provides proxy evidence for when this route was viable for human populations and, in doing so, allows further refinement of New World human settlement scenarios. Read the entire page →
From page 269... ... Human populations in eastern Beringia and interior North America had similar possibilities to reengage. In the human case, this involved the added cultural complexity that would accompany societal interactions in an era where exotic raw materials and technological ideas began to Read the entire page →
From page 270... ... DNA Extraction, PCR, Cloning, Library Preparation, Target Enrichment, and Sequencing To facilitate comparison with previously published data from bison, we isolated ~600 bp of the hypervariable portion of the mitochondrial control region (CR) from 45 Canadian bison bone and tooth samples, dated to the late Pleistocene and Holocene (Table 13.1 and Dataset S1) Read the entire page →
From page 271... ... For the fourth data generation approach described above, we constructed Illumina DNA libraries as above directly from the DNA extract. We then enriched these libraries for the whole bison mitochondrial genome using biotinylated RNA baits (MYbaits v2; MYcroarray) Read the entire page →
From page 272... ... , we aligned merged reads to the reference B bison mitochondrial genome sequence using an iterative assembler MIA (Green RE et al., 2008) Read the entire page →
From page 273... ... Data Availability The input BEAST file is available as Dataset S2. Novel control region mitochondrial DNA sequences have been deposited in GenBank, with Accession Numbers KU705765-KU705809. Read the entire page →

From page 257...

... * Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; ††Yukon Archaeology Program, Government of Yukon, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6, Canada; ‡‡Royal Alberta Museum, Edmonton, AB T5N 0M6, Canada; §§Keck-CCAMS Group, Earth System Science Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697; Department of Translational Skin Cancer Research, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, D-45141 Essen, Germany; ##Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; *