Automated and Connected Vehicles: Summary of the 9th University Transportation Centers Spotlight Conference (2016) / Chapter Skim
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Contents Opening Session OVERVIEW OF AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLE ISSUES AND PROGRESS........................................................................................................1 Melissa Tooley , Keith Marzullo, Kevin Dopart, Ron Medford, and Jane Macfarlane Conference Welcome.............................................................................................1 Melissa Tooley Information Technology Research and Development for Smart Cities and Connected Communities: A Cross-Agency Framework.............................2 Keith Marzullo U.S. Department of Transportation Connected and Automated Vehicle Research Update....................................................................................................6 Kevin Dopart Progress to Fully Driverless Cars.......................................................................10 Ron Medford Next-Generation Location Services....................................................................12 Jane Macfarlane Plenary Session 1 INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY...........................................................................15 Jude Hurin, Chris Gerdes, Reuben Sarkar, and Edward Collins American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators' Autonomous Vehicle Best Practices Working Group..............................................................15 Jude Hurin Ethical Considerations for Vehicle Automation Systems.................................16 Chris Gerdes Transportation as a System: Getting SMARTer on Energy and Mobility.....18 Reuben Sarkar Steering Around the Potholes: Insurance and Automated Driving Systems....................................................................................................21 Edward Collins Plenary Session 2 INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN AND OPERATIONS...........................................24 Carla Bailo, Jim Barbaresso, Steve Lockwood, and John Maddox Ohio Smart Mobility Initiative...........................................................................24 Carla Bailo
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Infrastructure Deployment Considerations for Connected Automation........26 Jim Barbaresso State Department of Transportation Readiness for Connected Vehicle System Support....................................................................................................29 Steve Lockwood University of Michigan Mobility Transformation Center...............................32 John Maddox Plenary Session 3 PLANNING................................................................................................................36 Johanna Zmud, Matt Smith, Ram Pendyala, and Jane Lappin Automated and Connected Vehicle Deployments: Implications for State and Local Transportation Agencies.............................36 Johanna Zmud Michigan Department of Transportation Connected Vehicle Initiative.........39 Matt Smith Understanding the Potential Impacts of Connected and Automated Vehicles on Activity-Travel Behavior: Implications for Transport Modeling................................................................42 Ram Pendyala Planning Implications of Vehicle Automation: Results from the Planning for Vehicle Automation Breakout Session at the 2015 Automated Vehicles Symposium.....................................................46 Jane Lappin Plenary Session 4 MODAL APPLICATIONS.......................................................................................49 Steve Smith, Christopher Poe, Stanley Young, and Justin Holmes Integrating Adaptive Signal Control with Connected Vehicle Technology....49 Steve Smith Connected Work Zone for Improved Freight Mobility and Safety................52 Christopher Poe Harnessing Vehicle Automation for Public Mobility: An Overview of Ongoing Effects........................................................................55 Stanley Young Zipcar: Automated Vehicles and the Future of Urban Mobility.....................57 Justin Holmes
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REPORTS FROM THE BREAKOUT DISCUSSION GROUPS.........................60 Steven Shladover, Patrick Szary, Charles Howard, Robert Bertini, and Melissa Tooley Breakout Group 1: Institutional and Policy......................................................60 Steven Shladover Breakout Group 2: Infrastructure Design and Operations.............................61 Patrick Szary Breakout Group 3: Planning..............................................................................63 Charles Howard Breakout Group 4: Modal Applications............................................................64 Robert Bertini Closing Comments...............................................................................................66 Melissa Tooley APPENDIXES A Posters..............................................................................................................67 B
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1 OPENING SESSION Overview of Automated and Connected Vehicle Issues and Progress Melissa Tooley, Texas A&M Transportation Institute and Chair, Conference Planning Committee Keith Marzullo, Federal Networking and Information Technology Research Development Program, National Coordination Office Kevin Dopart, ITS Joint Program Office, U.S. Department of Transportation Ron Medford, Google, Inc.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 2 - Steven Shladover, California Partners for Advanced Transportation Technology, Institutional and Policy Track Chair - Karlyn Stanley, RAND Corporation - Patrick Szary, Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation, Rutgers University, Infrastructure Design and Operations Track Chair - Stanley Young, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Maryland • Tooley noted that connected vehicle (CV) and automated vehicle (AV)
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3 Steering Group (CPS-SSG) , which is tasked with coordinating efforts for smart cities and connected communities.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 4 discovery, innovation, and entrepreneurship in smart city technologies and facilitating the application of CPS concepts to make cities more livable, workable, safe, and sustainable. • Marzullo reviewed the goals of CPS-SSG.
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5 OVERVIEW OF AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLE ISSUES AND PROGRESS together teams of cities and innovators working in partnership to use technologies to improve the safety, sustainability, livability, and workability of communities worldwide. He also noted that NIST was using open, consensus-based public working groups to develop a comprehensive framework for the design, evaluation, and operation of complex CPS, including smart city technologies.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 6 and efficient urban agriculture technologies and systems, such as vertical farming. The second interest area is developing more resilient, robust, and reliable agricultural systems while faced with a changing climate and an increasing global population.
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7 OVERVIEW OF AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLE ISSUES AND PROGRESS the ITS program around research, development, and adoption of automation-related technologies as they emerge. • Dopart highlighted recent and upcoming CV milestones at the U.S.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 8 technologies. Dopart presented examples of applications of enabling technologies, including positioning, navigation, and timing and mapping, communications, and sensors.
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9 OVERVIEW OF AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLE ISSUES AND PROGRESS TABLE 1 Example Systems at Each Automation Level SAE Level Example Systems Driver Roles 1 Adaptive cruise control OR Lane-keeping assistance Must drive other functions and monitor driving environment 2 Adaptive cruise control AND Lane-keeping assistance Traffic jam assist Must monitor driving environment (system nags driver to try to ensure it) 3 Traffic jam pilot Automated parking Highway autopilot May read a book, text, or web surf, but must be prepared to intervene when needed 4 Closed campus driverless shuttle Valet parking in garage "Fully automated" in certain conditions May sleep, and system can revert to minimum risk condition if needed 5 Automated taxi Carshare repositioning system No driver needed Source: California PATH.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 10 platooning. Research is being funded and coordinated between ITS JPO and FHWA.
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11 OVERVIEW OF AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLE ISSUES AND PROGRESS provides access to people who cannot drive and accomplishes significant societal benefits. He indicated that the current small, low-speed vehicle, which was announced in May 2014, builds on the success of realizing self-driving vehicles on single-lane freeway driving.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 12 although three workshops were held, the regulations have not yet been finalized. One issue raised at the workshops was defining the process and requirements for safety certification.
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OVERVIEW OF AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLE ISSUES AND PROGRESS 13 from photogrammetry on digital maps. She suggested that these types of techniques are turning maps into complex instruments and are enriching the use of maps for analysis and visually portraying information for policy makers and the public.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 14 driver are needed to understand how people experience a roadway. She also noted that this type of information can be used in developing and programming AVs, as well as a driver assistance product that can provide advice to inexperienced drivers.
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15 PLENARY SESSION 1 Institutional and Policy Jude Hurin, Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles Chris Gerdes, Stanford University Reuben Sarkar, U.S. Department of Energy Edward Collins, Allstate Insurance AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF MOTOR VEHICLE ADMINISTRATORS' AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE BEST PRACTICES WORKING GROUP Jude Hurin Jude Hurin discussed the formation, purpose, and activities of the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA)
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 16 • Hurin described the focus of the three working group subgroups. The driver subgroup is examining driver licensing requirements, driver training and testing for SAE Level 3 and Level 4 operation, training for state examiners, defining operators versus drivers, possible license restrictions and endorsements, and license suspensions and revocations.
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to focus on questions while engineers tend to focus on answers. He suggested that bringing these two disciplines together provides the opportunity to ask the right questions and to develop reasonable approaches to addressing ethical issues with automated vehicle systems.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 18 vehicles may also need to take some risks. He raised the question of how to quantify and communicate acceptable risk, a question that has been examined in other fields, including aviation and building codes.
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19 across modes, with the potential to manage some behaviors and decisions. In this way, he suggested that the DOE is exploring untapped transportation system–level efficiencies.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 20 considered the end-to-end trip efficiencies and the use of different modes for personal transportation and goods movement. He reported that the multimodal research pillar focuses on better understanding the energy impacts from potential mode shifts and multimodal trips as a result of using CVs, AVs, carsharing, and ridesharing.
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21 and vehicle braking and torque control interface. Tests were run with two vehicle platoons to analyze potential benefits.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 22 that even windshields can contain computerized systems today, which partly explains why it costs $1,500 to replace a Mercedes windshield. Bumpers today also offer greater protection, but at a greater cost, with a $1,200 price tag on replacement of a Lexus bumper cover assembly.
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23 • Collins noted that vehicle insurance and motor vehicle laws are regulated at the state level, with insurance companies dealing with all 50 states and the District of Columbia. He suggested that moving toward some consistency among states related to fully automated vehicle laws and insurance would be beneficial.
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24 PLENARY SESSION 2 Infrastructure Design and Operations Carla Bailo, Ohio State University Jim Barbaresso, HNTB Corporation Steve Lockwood, Steve Lockwood, LLC John Maddox, Mobility Transformation Center, University of Michigan OHIO SMART MOBILITY INITIATIVE Carla Bailo Carla Bailo discussed the Ohio Smart Mobility Initiative. She highlighted the different transportation centers at Ohio State University (OSU)
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25 INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN AND OPERATIONS prepare students in engineering, city and regional planning, public policy, economics, and other disciplines for "smart mobility" careers. She noted that ensuring jobs exist in Ohio to match student career aspirations is an important element of the initiative.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 26 INFRASTRUCTURE DEPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONNECTED AUTOMATION Jim Barbaresso Jim Barbaresso discussed public agency transportation infrastructure considerations for connected automation. He described the role connected automation could play in reducing traffic fatalities, potential public agency needs and concerns, and deployment approaches.
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27 mature standards that have been applied in common practice for decades, which is not the case with DSRC technology. He also noted that respondents voiced concerns that rapidly advancing technologies would continue to be disruptive and that the deployment time frame was long enough to suggest that more robust advanced technologies may emerge, raising questions about technical obsolescence.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 28 • Barbaresso suggested that if vehicles no longer crash, it may be possible to gain capacity on existing highways by reducing the separation between vehicles, increasing and harmonizing speeds, and decreasing lane widths. He noted that lane capacity increases of up to 300% have been suggested.
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29 STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION READINESS FOR CONNECTED VEHICLE SYSTEM SUPPORT Steve Lockwood Steve Lockwood discussed the roles and readiness requirements of state DOTs in providing the infrastructure needed to support CVs. He identified the short-term and long-term processes, institutional and technical capabilities, and infrastructure necessary for CV deployment and operation.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 30 FIGURE 2 Dimensions of agency capability to support development of new systems. (Source: U.S.
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31 - Level 4, Optimizing. TSM&O as a full, sustainable core DOT program priority is established on the basis of continuous improvement with top-level management status and formal partnerships.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 32 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MOBILITY TRANSFORMATION CENTER John Maddox John Maddox discussed the University of Michigan Mobility Transformation Center (MTC)
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33 design, social implications, payment methods, and congestion management represent other secondary research topics. • Maddox stressed that deployments are necessary to address the research areas in a comprehensive and accelerated manner.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 34 • Maddox outlined the following priority research questions that may assist with CV deployment: - What is the optimum usage of the allocated DSRC spectrum? - What are the design and functional requirements of a high-quality vehicle retrofit device?
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35 • Maddox also identified the following crosscutting research questions related to data collection, analytics, and societal impacts: - What data should be stored on CVs-AVs to aid in determination of the root cause of crashes and malfunctions? - What existing data sets could be leveraged with new CV-AV data sets?
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36 PLENARY SESSION 3 Planning Johanna Zmud, Texas A&M Transportation Institute Matt Smith, Michigan Department of Transportation Ram Pendyala, Georgia Institute of Technology Jane Lappin, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology, U.S. Department of Transportation AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLE DEPLOYMENTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR STATE AND LOCAL TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES Johanna Zmud Johanna Zmud discussed a recent research study conducted by the Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI)
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PLANNING 37 improve bike racks-on-buses safety. Katie Turnbull of TTI is the principal investigator on the project.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 38 • Zmud described the basic characteristics of the two scenarios. The revolutionary scenario began with a V2V mandate in 2016 and assumed there would be a significant number of self-driving vehicles in operation by 2025.
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39 • Zmud reviewed the responses to questions concerning the policy or planning actions that were being taken or could be taken to prepare for AVs and CVs. Responses included reviewing current legislation and policies that could affect the implementation of AV-CV technologies, designating a specific individual within the organization with AV-CV responsibilities, and participating in the national discussion on AVs and CVs.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 40 that the intent is to create a sound base for expanding the Safety Pilot Model Deployment into a regional CV deployment. Working in partnership with General Motors, Ford Motor Company, the University of Michigan, the Road Commission for Oakland County, and other partners, Michigan DOT has set a vision for a smart corridor in southeast Michigan.
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41 development and identifying, prioritizing, and developing applications. Other objectives focus on integrating existing Michigan DOT data and providing interfacing applications.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 42 and pavement defect detection) , design (pavement warranties and pavement life-cycle analysis)
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43 • Pendyala described future mobility options associated with different levels of connected, automated, and autonomous vehicles. He noted the different V2V and V2I configurations, the various degrees of automation, and the truly driverless autonomous vehicles.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 44 • Pendyala described the rapid adoption of transportation network companies and on-demand mobility services, such as Uber, in many areas. He noted that over the past 15 years, services like Zipcar attracted 1 million users in North America and 1.7 million users globally.
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45 emerging technologies may result in increased VMT by displacing a transit trip or replacing a carpool trip with multiple single-rider AV trips, thus making travel easier and cheaper. Further, cruising "empty" on-demand vehicles may increase VMT.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 46 • Pendyala discussed recent attempts at modeling AV impacts. He reviewed some of the assumptions made with these efforts, including increasing lane capacity, reducing the travel time variable coefficient, reducing auto operating costs, and eliminating parking constraints and costs.
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47 • Lappin reviewed the breakout group agenda. The first part of the session featured speakers addressing technology, policy, and user issues.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 48 vehicles, rides, and data. She indicated that a "user" could be a person, a household, a transit customer, or a freight provider or fleet manager.
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49 PLENARY SESSION 4 Modal Applications Steve Smith, Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University Christopher Poe, Texas A&M Transportation Institute Stanley Young, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Justin Holmes, Zipcar INTEGRATING ADAPTIVE SIGNAL CONTROL WITH CONNECTED VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY Steve Smith Steve Smith discussed a multiyear project at Carnegie Mellon University developing and piloting an adaptive traffic signal control system for urban roads. He described the technical approach; the partners in developing and testing the system in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; the results to date; and future activities focusing on AVs.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 50 FIGURE 3 Scalable urban traffic control system concept of operation. (Source: Carnegie Mellon University.)
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51 MODAL APPLICATIONS • Smith described the expansion of the system to 49 intersections. He reported that 24 of the recently added intersections are equipped with DSRC radios and noted that these radios allow for the ongoing testing of the traffic signal system and tests involving CV and AV technologies.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 52 • In closing, Smith suggested the following three research challenges for further discussion: - Assessing the feasibility of using occasional DSRC messages to reduce sensing uncertainty, - Efficiently routing and rerouting vehicles with uncertain vehicle participation, and - Determining how to ensure safety while retaining potential efficiency gains with a mix of human-operated vehicles and AVs on the roadways. CONNECTED WORK ZONE FOR IMPROVED FREIGHT MOBILITY AND SAFETY Christopher Poe Chris Poe discussed some of the transportation safety and mobility challenges in Texas, the use of advanced technologies in the I-35 expansion project, and the connected work zone project.
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53 • Poe described the approximately $2.1 billion construction project expanding 96 miles of I-35 to the north and south of Waco. The overall project includes 17 project sections with multiple contractors.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 54 • Poe described an innovative end-of-queue warning system developed as part of the project. The project team estimates the location where the queues may form and recommends deployment of the end-of-the-queue warning system to alert drivers approaching these locations via changeable message signs.
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55 - Other research topics he suggested were identifying communication needs, assessing potential benefits with low market penetration, and analyzing additional V2I safety and mobility applications. - One final research topic was considering how V2I applications enhance truck platooning.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 56 mobility system is possible that reduces or eliminates congestion and could capture the energy efficiency of an electrified, centrally managed fleet. • Young described five of the urban mobility pilots in the European Commission– sponsored CityMobil2 program.
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57 and a recreational area circulator. Although the technology was adequate for the demonstration, areas for improvement were identified.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 58 status of Zipcar and discussed opportunities for integrating carsharing services and autonomous transportation systems. Holmes covered the following topics: • Holmes noted that Zipcar, as a private company, is very purpose oriented.
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59 • Holmes summarized recent research conducted by Susan Shaheen at the University of California, Berkeley, which indicates that each Zipcar eliminates approximately 13 personally owned vehicles. Further, after eliminating their personal vehicle, Zipcar members reported a 13% increase in bicycling trips and a 19% increase in walking trips.
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60 Reports from the Breakout Discussion Groups Steven Shladover, California Partners for Advanced Transportation Technology Patrick Szary, Rutgers University Charles Howard, Puget Sound Regional Council Robert Bertini, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Melissa Tooley, Texas A&M Transportation Institute BREAKOUT GROUP 1: INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY Steven Shladover Steven Shladover summarized the following six topic areas discussed by participants in the institutional and policy breakout session: • A first general topic area focused on AV technology and ensuring that AVs operate safely in all types of environments. A number of participants considered the AV certification procedure, which could be harmonized across all states and with other countries.
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61 REPORTS FROM THE BREAKOUT DISCUSSION GROUPS consumer market acceptance levels among different driver age groups, and the need for driver testing or monitoring at lower levels of automation. Participants also discussed how tickets would be assessed if an AV violates a traffic law.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 62 • Participants in the breakout group discussed a wide range of topics associated with security, including cyber security, physical security, infrastructure security, spectrum security, and individual security. The potential use of AVs as a weapon of mass destruction was considered by participants, as were ways that people could try to break into the different systems and technologies.
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63 suggested there may be misperceptions on the part of policy makers and the public on the timeliness and availability of AVs and CVs. Providing information on realistic expectations was noted as one possible role for transportation agencies.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 64 • Breakout group participants discussed the differences between AVs and CVs and the impacts these differences have on the transportation planning process. It was noted that the time frame for CVs may be earlier and that the planning process may need to address V2I issues in the near term.
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65 for AASHTO, was also suggested. Further, participants commented that there are available technologies that could be added now to transit vehicle procurement specifications, such as DSRC and driver assistance systems, to improve transit operations.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 66 suggested that a capacity-building program focused on education, training, and workforce development initiatives would be beneficial. It was noted that public agencies often have a difficult time managing, developing, specifying, and acquiring technology today and that these needs will be heightened in the future as agencies need to quickly acquire knowledge and technical capabilities related to V2I, V2V, and shared mobility applications.
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67 APPENDIX A Posters INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY Opportunities for Automated and Connected Vehicles to Improve Mobility and Access for People Unable to Drive Frank Douma, Adeel Lari, and Leili Fatehi, University of Minnesota User Adoption for Connected and Automated Vehicles: What Can We Learn from Previous Experiences? Mohammad Lavasani and Xia Jin, Florida International University INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN AND OPERATIONS Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET)
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 68 Consumers' Perception, Intended Adoption, and Travel Behavior Impacts of Automated Vehicle Technology: Findings from a Multi-University Population Survey in Florida Nikhil Menon, Abdul Pinjari, and Yu Zhang, University of South Florida; Siva Srinivasan, University of Florida; Xia Jin, Florida International University; and Naveen Eluru, University of Central Florida Creating Livable Communities Through Connecting Vehicles to Pedestrians and Cyclists John MacArthur, Portland State University MODAL APPLICATIONS Bicyclists and Connected and Autonomous Vehicles Ken McLeod, League of American Bicyclists Human Factors Evaluation of an In-Vehicle Active Traffic and Demand Management (ATDM) System Kayla Sykes, Alexandria Noble, Zachary Doerzaph, Thomas Dingus, Pamela Murray-Tuite, and Luke Neurauter, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Dynamic and Real-Time Traffic Signal Coordination Tuning Model for Signalized Arterials Within Connected Vehicle Environment Zhitong Huang, Turner–Fairbank Highway Research Center and Mississippi State University; Li Zhang, Mississippi State University; Deborah Curtis and Govindarajan Vadakpat, Federal Highway Administration; and David Hale, Leidos Inc.
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69 POSTERS OTHER TOPICS RELATED TO AUTOMATED VEHICLES AND CONNECTED VEHICLES Improved Warning and Control Assistance Information Embedded in Basic Safety Messages Transmitted Between Connected Vehicles Asad Khattak, University of Tennessee Identifying Safety-Critical Events Using the Basic Safety Message Robert Kluger and Brian Smith, University of Virginia Developing a Spatial–Temporal Dimension Extension-Based Autonomous Intersection Control Strategy for Connected Autonomous Vehicles Qiong Wu, Cheng Wang, Cong Chen, Guohui Zhang, and Rafiqul Tarefder, University of New Mexico; and Zong Tian, University of Nevada Optimal Intersection Control of Automated and Cooperative Vehicles Youssef Bichiou, Hesham Rakha, Mohammed Almannaa, and Ahmed Roman, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute U.S. DOT FHWA Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
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70 APPENDIX B Conference Participants Osman Altan, Federal Highway Administration Bumjoon Bae, University of Tennessee, Knoxville Carla Bailo, Ohio State University Michael Baldwin, U.S. Department of Transportation Jim Barbaresso, HNTB Corporation Andy Berthaume, U.S.
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71 CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS Chris Gerdes, Stanford University Jeff Gerlach, Securing America's Future Energy Stephen Glascock, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development Andrea Gold, University of Texas at Austin Jeff Gonder, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Slobodan Gutesa, New Jersey Institute of Technology Samer Hamdar, George Washington University Takeshi Hasegawa, Louis Berger Imran Hayee, University of Minnesota, Duluth Dennis Hinebaugh, University of South Florida Justin Holmes, Zipcar Jill Hough, Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute John Hourdos, University of Minnesota Charlie Howard, Puget Sound Regional Council Jude Hurin, Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles Ijeong Im, Hongik University David Jackson, U.S. Department of Transportation Shawn Johnson, U.S.
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AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLES 72 Lydia Mercado, U.S. Department of Transportation David Metcalf, ATCS, P.L.C.
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73 CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS Amy Stearns, U.S. Department of Transportation Kayla Sykes, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute Patrick Szary, Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation, Rutgers University Zong Tian, University of Nevada Denver Tolliver, Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute Melissa Tooley, Texas A&M Transportation Institute Dawn Tucker-Thomas, U.S.
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TRANSPORTATION REASEARCH BOARD 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 www.TRB.org
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