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From page 1...
... 1 Building long-lasting roads necessarily involves planning and designing those roads in a manner that results in a high-quality constructed product. To achieve this requires that the necessary resources be allocated to the preconstruction process to permit planners and designers the time and funding to be able to solve technical, environmental, and constructability problems before the construction contract is advertised.
From page 2...
... 2services, was developed to provide guidance for state DOTs to estimate the cost of planning, engineering, and other professional services required before a construction project is let. The research uses case study methodology and results in the development of a stochastic parametric estimating model.

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