Climate and Health Challenges Posed by Black Carbon Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief (2016) / Chapter Skim
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Climate and Health Challenges Posed by Black Carbon: Proceedings of a Workshop - In Brief
Climate and Health Challenges Posed by Black Carbon: Proceedings of a Workshop - In Brief
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The year 2015 was one of the warmest years on record within the warmest decade in recorded history. The principal driver of global warming -- atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide -- are now well above 400 parts per million for the first time since the mid-Pliocene era, 3 million years ago, when forests reached the coast of the Arctic Ocean, which was covered with little summer sea ice.
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, thermal power plants, coal processing plants, diesel transportation, landfill waste combustion, and natural and man-made fires. Workshop participants presented the results of original research as well as their analysis of the international and Russiaspecific challenges posed by sources of BC, efforts to monitor BC emissions, and the health effects to people working directly with coal and to those living near sources of aerosol emissions.
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Several institutes of the RAS, including the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology and the Oboukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, have been involved in efforts to monitor atmospheric BC distribution in the marine boundary layer over the Russian Arctic seas in the summer months.
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stated that the project aimed to study the formation and transport of aerosols and reactive gas components in Western Siberia, to evaluate the influence of atmospheric aerosols on air and soil quality, to elucidate the effects of atmospheric aerosols on humans and animals, and to obtain quantitative data on the disposition of gas and aerosol emissions into the atmosphere in western Siberia. Several workshop participants observed that long-term BC measurements will be critical to developing realistic emission inventories, estimating human exposure, and validating atmospheric transport models.
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and her colleagues conducted extensive experimental research and numerical analysis of organic carbon atmospheric transport processes in western Siberia, and found a link to research on related cancer rates. In Siberia, the snow cover is a fairly reliable indicator of atmospheric contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that can be used for operative detection of highly contaminated urban zones correlated with increased cancer risk.
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In collaboration with Zinfer Ismagilov, Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Kemerovo, and Nina Zaitseva, Russian Academy of Sciences. Sponsors: This workshop was supported by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Thomas Lincoln Casey Fund.
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