Review of WIC Food Packages Improving Balance and Choice: Final Report (2017) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix R: Development of the Food Package Nutrient and Cost Profiles
Appendix R: Development of the Food Package Nutrient and Cost Profiles
Pages 739-770
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From page 739... ...
The assumptions applied to develop composites for WIC food categories included ratios of substitution options based on available data or a conservative assumption. Assumptions also differed for some WIC food categories depending on the food package.
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From page 740... ...
740 REVIEW OF WIC FOOD PACKAGES TABLES TABLE R-1 Cost Data and Assumptions Used in Analyses of Current and Revised Food Packages for Women and Children, 741 TABLE R-2 Cost Data and Assumptions Used in Analyses of Current and Revised Food Packages for Infants, 745 TABLE R-3 Assumptions Used in Nutrient Analyses of Current and Revised Food Packages for Infants, 747 TABLE R-4 Assumptions Used in Nutrient Analyses of Current and Revised Food Packages for Women and Children, 750 TABLE R-5 Redemption Rates Applied to Generate the Set of Cost Neutral Food Packages, 763
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From page 741... ...
CPI inflation factor to 2015: 0.9826 alternatives Whole milk: $0.86/qt FNS redemption data* Soy milk: $1.82/qt FNS redemption data*
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From page 742... ...
Bread CPI inflation factor to 2015: 1.0061 bread and alternatives Revised: IRI 2014 calendar year for Bread alternatives CPI inflation factor to 2015: Whole wheat bread: $2.65/24 oz 24 oz container sizes 1.0037 Corn tortillas: $2.26/24 oz Instant oatmeal: $4.14/24 oz Weighted mean cost: $2.67/24 oz Canned fish $0.20/oz FNS redemption data* CPI inflation factor to 2015: 1.0123 Legumes and Peanut butter: $2.29/18 oz jar FNS redemption data*
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From page 743... ...
Unweighted mean cost (average of Unweighted mean of peanut butter and legumes peanut butter and weighted legumes) : used for FP IV (participants receive a 3-month $2.43 rotation of legumes, peanut butter, nothing)
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From page 744... ...
. This procedure was carried out using the FNS average prices for juice, milk, cheese, breakfast cereal, eggs, whole wheat bread and alternatives, canned fish, legumes, peanut butter, jarred infant fruits and vegetables, jarred infant food meat, and infant cereal.
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From page 745... ...
Rebate percentage: 64.58% Food package III infant formula costs include nonexempt only and are assumed to equal FP I and II infant formula costs continued 745
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From page 746... ...
CPI inflation factor to 2015: 1.0110 NOTES: CPI = Consumer Price Index; FP = food package; PC = WIC Participant and Program Characteristics Report. Values were multiplied by a redemption factor, based on FNS redemption data for current packages and projected values for revised packages (see Table R-5)
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From page 747... ...
Formula Type weighting: Prescription percentages from Powder, routine: Milk-based: 64.9% PC 2014 Food Package Report Enfamil Premium Infant 33877 Soy-based: 19.0% Exhibit FP1, which uses PC 2008 Similac Advance 03950 Lactose-free: 11.6% participant characteristics data. Gerber Good Start Gentle 33868 Hydrolysate: 4.5% Percentages in the report did not Powder, soy: add to 100% as infants can be Enfamil ProSobee 03826 prescribed more than one type of Isomil Advance Soy 03954 formula.
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From page 748... ...
Infants 0–3 months: Composite Powder form is recommended for Liquid concentrate, routine: powder formula weighted by type partially breastfed infants 0–3 Enfamil Premium Infant 33865 and brand months in the Final Rule Liquid concentrate, soy: Enfamil ProSobee 03854 All other infants: Composite Isomil Advance Soy 03952 formula weighted by type, brand, Gerber Good Start Soy 03966 and form Liquid concentrate, milk-based lactose-free Similac Sensitive 03947 Estimates used the specified In alignment with foods across maximum monthly allowance other WIC food packages, the (MMA) ounces in the Final Rule maximum monthly allowance multiplied by redemption was assumed in the absence of data on issuance Powder scoop to liquid Mead Johnson website conversion: 1 scoop + 2 oz water = 2.2 fl oz prepared formula Liquid concentrate to prepared Mead Johnson and Abbott form conversion: 1-to-1 dilution at Nutrition websites 20 kcal/fl oz (standard dilution)
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From page 749... ...
Infant food, Applesauce: 28% Wyoming and Massachusetts Applesauce 03116 fruits Banana: 27% redemption data, 2015 Banana 43546 Peach: 18% Peach 03130 Pear: 18% Pear 03132 Prunes: 9% Prunes 03139 Infant food, Carrots: 23% Wyoming and Massachusetts Carrots 03099 vegetables Green beans: 8% redemption data, 2015 Green beans 03091 Peas: 15% Peas 03121 Squash: 23% Squash 03104 Sweet potatoes: 31% Sweet potatoes 03108 Infant food, fruit Vegetable: 44.3% Wyoming and Massachusetts and vegetable Fruit: 55.7% redemption data, 2015 composite Infant food, Beef: 27% Wyoming, Chickasaw Nation, and Beef 03002 meats Chicken: 34% Massachusetts redemption data, Chicken 03012 Turkey: 24% 2015 Turkey 03015 Ham: 15% Ham 03008 NOTES: FNB = full nutrition benefit; NDB = National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 28 (USDA/ARS, 2016) ; PC = WIC Participant and Program Characteristics Report.
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From page 750... ...
Weighted low-fat yogurt: Average of Texas and Tofu 16426 Vanilla: 70% Massachusetts redemption data, Yogurt, plain, low fat 01117 Plain: 30% 2015 Yogurt, vanilla, low fat 01119 Yogurt, plain, whole milk 01116 Weighted whole milk yogurt: Average of Texas and Yogurt, fruit, whole milk N/A* Fruit: 70% Massachusetts redemption data, Cheese, mozzarella 01028 Plain: 30% 2015 Cheese, natural cheddar 01009 Cheese, Colby 01011 Weighted whole milk: Average of Texas redemption data Whole milk: 98% July–August 2015 and Wyoming *
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From page 751... ...
. This is a conservative estimate; no data are Revised FP IV-A, per 12 qt: available on substitution rate 8 qt weighted whole milk 1 lb cheese Revised food packages: Assumed 1 qt whole milk yogurt max substitution of yogurt and cheese.
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From page 752... ...
This is the higher price 1 lb cheese substitution scenario, so cost 1 qt low-fat yogurt differences for this food package are most likely conservative Revised FP V and VI, per 16 qt (50%) : 12 qt weighted low-fat milk 1 lb cheese 1 qt low-fat yogurt OR (50%)
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From page 753... ...
: 14 qt weighted low-fat milk 0 lb cheese 2 qt low-fat yogurt OR (33.33%) : 10 qt weighted low-fat milk 2 lb cheese 0 qt low-fat yogurt Breakfast cereal Current: Average of Texas redemption data Honey Bunches of Oats, Almonds 42240 Honey Bunches of Oats, Almonds: July–August 2015 and Wyoming Cheerios 08013 34% redemption data May 2015 Corn Flakes 08020 Cheerios (whole grain)
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From page 754... ...
The folic acid content in the nutrient profile for corn masa flour was thus recalculated from the value in the standard reference database assuming a corn tortilla recipe of
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From page 755... ...
Unweighted mean of peanut butter and legumes used for FP IV (participants receive a 3-month rotation of legumes, peanut butter, nothing) Current: canned versus dry beans FNS redemption data weighting: Canned: 37% Dry: 63% Revised: canned versus dry weighting: Canned: 42% Dry: 58% continued 755
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From page 756... ...
756 TABLE R-4 Continued Food Category Weighting and Assumptionsa Rationale Products Included NDB No. 5% shift of dry to canned due to recommendation that states allow more canned options Bean type weighting: Pinto beans: 75% Black beans: 25% Naturally occurring sugars per 18 oz peanuts subtracted from peanut butter to obtain added sugars: 21.3 g Fruits Apples: 16% Average of Texas redemption Apples 09003 Bananas: 25% data July–August 2015, Wyoming Bananas 09040 Watermelon: 8% redemption data May 2015, and Watermelon 09326 Oranges: 9% Massachusetts redemption data Oranges 09200 Strawberries: 23% June 2016.
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From page 757... ...
assumed to equal Texas % potato redemption Fruit and Vegetable: 33% Texas WIC redemption, January vegetable Fruit: 67% 2016, Wyoming redemption data composite (CVV) May 2015 NOTES: CVV = cash value voucher; FP = food package; NDB = National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 28 (USDA/ARS, 2016)
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From page 758... ...
of price and redemption data from a convenience sample of six WIC state agencies, representing five of the seven regions of the country. The identity of the agencies was not known to the committee.1 Redemption rates were available for the following WIC foods: juice, breakfast cereal, whole grains, CVV, eggs, legumes/ peanut butter, and fish.
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From page 759... ...
The committee used a combination of the Altarum and FNS data to develop a range of revised redemption rates, and the final rates used were close to the implied new FNS-based rates with some adjustments. WIC-participating families that did not redeem a food category in the current food package (the nonredemption group)
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From page 760... ...
• The redemption patterns are constant and independent of the over all percentage redemption observed. That is, the Altarum distribu tion of rates of no, partial, and full redemption was applied to all redemption rates assumed for each food item, including the redemption rates based on the FNS redemption data provided to the committee as well as the observed state average rates included in the current food package consensus rates.2 2 Note that the ideal data for this task would be nationally-representative redemption distributions across food items by package type.
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× FullAmt] / Partial%Alt Similarly, the committee knows the overall average redemption rates in the FNS (or state average)
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From page 762... ...
Following this procedure generates implied new redemption rates based on the changes between the current and revised food packages (see Table R-5)
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From page 763... ...
due to additional every 3 months options and reduced amounts Peanut butter Reduce to a rotation of 51d 51 53 Increased rate of redemption (approximately a 5% 16–18 oz every 3 months increase from the Altarum implied redemption that accounts for bimodal distributions) due to additional options and reduced amounts RTE cereals All adhere to whole grain- 60d 60 54 Decreased rate by 10% (6 percentage points)
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From page 764... ...
and the revised redemption rate for the CVV; it is also the actual average redemption rate from Altarum so represents a reasonable redemption rate Infant formula No change 94 94 94 There are no available data to suggest that the redemption rate should be adjusted; no changes were made to formula amounts Infant meat/fish Reduce to half; allow some 31 39 43 Increase rate of redemption due to decreased amounts portion as fish and fish option; used Altarum average to account for bimodal distribution; value is average redemption from the Altarum study so represents a feasible increase
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From page 765... ...
Milk (applies to IV-A: Reduce to 3 gallons 75 87 87 Uses the implied new redemption rate based on composite of milk, Altarum distributions; public comments and cheese, and yogurt) redemption indicate that whole milk is a preferred food, so do not anticipate full yogurt substitution Milk (applies to IV-B: Reduce to 3.5 gallons 71d,f 76 80 Uses the implied new redemption rate based on composite of milk, Altarum distributions; increased rate of redemption cheese, and yogurt)
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From page 766... ...
Milk (applies to Reduce to 4 gallons 56d,f 62 66 Uses the implied new redemption rate based on composite of milk, Altarum distributions; increased rate of redemption cheese, and yogurt) 4 percentage points (a 5% increase from the Altarum implied redemption)
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From page 767... ...
due to additional yogurt option Fish Reduce to 20 oz 69d 68 68 Uses the implied new redemption rate based on Altarum distributions NOTES: BF = breastfeeding; CVV = cash value voucher; FP = food package; veg/fr = vegetables and fruits; NA = not applicable; P = pregnant; PP = postpartum; RTE = ready-to-eat. a These values were applied to estimate the costs of the current set of food packages.
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From page 768... ...
FNS indicated that these women are included in administrative data for participation. Because these women are not issued and, therefore, do not redeem WIC foods, the redemption rates may be slightly deflated.
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From page 769... ...
2015. WIC food packages policy options II.
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