Improving Collection of Indicators of Criminal Justice System Involvement in Population Health Data Programs Proceedings of a Workshop (2017) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
4 Criminal Justice Involvement and Health
4 Criminal Justice Involvement and Health
Pages 25-36
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 25... ...
; according to the National Center for Education Statistics, 678,000 males received bachelor's degrees in 2008. He noted that there has been a significant expansion in criminal justice involvement in the past several decades.
|
From page 26... ...
Being arrested has not been a major component of the research on the effects of criminal justice involvement. Since there is no consensus in the current research about which particular measure of contact with the criminal justice system to use, it raises the question of whether having a single, uniform definition or measure can encompass the differential effects that criminal justice contact can have on individuals, families, and communities.1 Massoglia said that it is important to consider each criminal justice treatment and whether it leads to different health outcomes than other treatments.
|
From page 27... ...
Limited data on criminal justice involvement can be gleaned from household surveys such as the Fragile Families Study, the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. These surveys collect meaningful information, but because the primary focus differs slightly for each, and none of the three is focused primarily on criminal justice involvement, they serve as inconsistent measures of treatment variables for health as it pertains to incarceration.
|
From page 28... ...
However, if one considers such possibilities as whether or not the effects are exacerbated by the quality of facilities, the type of confinement (e.g., solitary confinement or in the general prison population) , or whether multiple incarcerations yield duplicative effects, the duration of stay would matter.
|
From page 29... ...
She suggested that a longitudinal survey could collect information on prenatal care and follow up on children born in prison. Massoglia agreed that female prisoners do have different medical needs, but the research is lacking on how they are different from male prisoners and how health effects differ for them.
|
From page 30... ...
commented that the difference between prison facilities in the United States and those in other developed countries, and between prison and civilian medical facilities stateside, is a lack of oversight. While nonprison medical facilities are subject to the Joint Commission and the Accreditation of Hospitals, where deficiencies can have serious fiscal and other consequences, prison medical facilities do not have anything similar.
|
From page 31... ...
INCARCERATION AND HEALTH: EXPLORING NEW LINKAGES AND EMERGING VIEWPOINTS This workshop session was aimed at considering the causal components of criminal justice involvement on health; identifying critical unanswered research questions and the data needed to explore them; and identifying optimal data collection strategies -- that is, whether any of the proposed existing data collection instruments are able to meet the most critical uses given resource constraints. Matsueda began the discussion by summarizing the viewpoints and information covered in earlier workshop presentations and raising other critical questions.
|
From page 32... ...
32 CRIMINAL JUSTICE INVOLVEMENT AND HEALTH DATA PROGRAMS Binswanger listed 10 important reasons that the bidirectional linkage between criminal justice and health needs to be more deeply explored: • surveillance -- improving measures of prevalence and incidence of epidemics, illness, and other emerging health issues; • alignment -- providing corresponding data on what is available on external populations in order to make appropriate comparisons and measure quality gaps; • policy -- addressing emerging policy questions, for example, gaug ing the impact of the Affordable Care Act on health care for crimi nal justice involved populations; • equity -- measuring variability, mortality, or other disparities by race, ethnicity, gender, geographic location; • prevention -- measuring the availability and delivery of preventive services (such as vaccinations) ; • patient centeredness -- assessing the quality of care to ensure that it responds to each individual patient's needs; • transparency -- providing accurate information about treatment, allowing public participation, promoting accountability; • operations -- using relevant data to guide criminal justice health care delivery, organization, and administration (such as human resources and contracting)
|
From page 33... ...
Nagin spoke about the benefits of longitudinal surveys like the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health and how early waves of the study can inform researchers about the health statuses of candidates as they prepare for data collection in later waves. Binswanger commented that she still has difficulty processing incarceration as a treatment, since she sees it as a much-overused last resort for medical conditions (addiction, mental health)
|
From page 34... ...
She added that cognitive testing is required before fielding criminal justice questions in a health survey to understand respondent comprehension and recall. Matsueda asked workshop participants who have experience conducting surveys and analyzing survey results to comment on what key data points are missing and what criminal justice experience questions should have priority for inclusion.
|
From page 35... ...
described her agency's efforts to collect health data on incarcerated populations through collaboration: with the National Survey of Drug Use and Health, by including modules on risk, family, and social engagement for those who answer yes to probation or parole question; with the National Center for Health Statistics, to change the National Death Certificate Database to report if a death occurred in a 2 According to the Pew Charitable Trust Legal Action Center, 6 states impose a full ban on food stamps for individuals convicted of a drug felony, and 24 other states impose a partial ban. (The District of Columbia and Puerto Rico were not included in this measure.)
|
From page 36... ...
reminded the workshop participants that space on existing national health surveys is limited, and as such the number of criminal justice questions that can be realistically included may well be less than what Wildeman proposed. She also encouraged participants to think about question priorities: a question asking about currently incarcerated family members may be more pertinent than one for respondents and other current household members who have had criminal justice experience, as an absent family member has a more pervasive effect on the family.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.