Guidelines for Emergency Ventilation Smoke Control in Roadway Tunnels (2017) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 4-15
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4Introduction The objective of this report is to improve the safety of highway tunnels by developing methods and guidelines for emergency tunnel ventilation. The document provides guidance to the owners and agencies, law enforcement agencies, first responders, designers, and vendors in reference to emergency tunnel ventilation.
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5 emergency ventilation for road tunnels. This standard covers limited access highways, bridges, road tunnels, and roadways beneath air-right structures and sets design requirements wherever applicable for the fire and life safety systems, structures, and emergency response procedures.
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6collaborated with safety and security experts to address the following questions: • What natural hazards and intentional threats do they face? • How would they be introduced?
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7 international organization that sets requirements for emergency road tunnel ventilation is the World Road Association (PIARC) , which has working groups representing the international practice.
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8PIARC Fire and Smoke Control in Road Tunnels (1999)
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9 Figure 1.5 illustrates an example of a system-based approach which results in risk values for an overall system to be estimated. The risk assessment is performed for the whole tunnel system investigated on the basis of the risk values of the system (expected value, FN curve)
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10 The procedure for a risk analysis can be divided into the following three steps: • Hazard identification: Systematic process to identify and structure all relevant hazards, and to analyze their correlating effects; • Probability analysis: Determination of the probabilities of relevant events/scenarios; • Consequence analysis: Investigation of consequences of relevant scenarios. The simplified flowchart in Figure 1.6 illustrates the main steps of the risk assessment process.
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11 firefighting phases. Chapter 2 discusses tunnel fire safety concepts including safety during the design, construction, operation, and maintenance phases.
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12 The role of FFFS for road tunnels is to provide facilities for tunnel owners and operators to assist with the early suppression and subsequent management of fires. In this manner, the consequences of a fire event to tunnel users, the tunnel infrastructure, and the societal impact due to the disruption to the wider road network can be mitigated.
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13 emergency services on prevention and training, accident management, and fire emergency operations. Among other reports, it provided the best practices for fire response management.
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14 • Partial Transverse with Oversized Exhaust Ports -- Normallyclosed exhaust ports that automatically open in a fire emergency. • Natural Ventilation.
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15 Extrapolating from free-burn data, the researchers calculated that the fire load of a heavy goods vehicle with idle pallets could grow to 180 MW (614 MBtu/hr)
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