Guidelines for Emergency Ventilation Smoke Control in Roadway Tunnels (2017) / Chapter Skim
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62 Glossary AFAC Australasian Fire Authorities Council AFFF Aqueous film forming foam AHJ Authority Having Jurisdiction ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning Engineers Aspect ratio The proportional relation between the width and height of the cross section of the tunnel which affects the required critical velocity Backlayering The reversal of smoke and hot gas movement counter to the direction of the ventilation airflow BLEVE Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion CCTV Closed circuit television CFD Computational fluid dynamics Chimney effect In tunnels that have nonzero grades, particularly those with portals at different elevations, a temperature dependent effect usually referred to as "the chimney effect" is often considered. Air will flow through a chimney (in a direction from the lower portal to the higher portal)
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63 (e.g., fatalities) et abscissa representing the corresponding consequence.
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