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Pages 67-74

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From page 67...
... 67 Tunnel Fixed Firefighting Systems Fixed firefighting systems (FFFS) are being installed in many new road tunnels and as retrofits to existing tunnels both within the United States and internationally.
From page 68...
... 68 Fire suppression systems differ by water density, water pressure, foam additives, and their applicability. In addition to the objectives discussed in Chapter 5, the applicability of a FFSS depends on the following: • potential fire risk, • level of protection, • other safety measures in the tunnel, • tunnel geometry, • ventilation/wind conditions during a fire, including interaction with emergency ventilation, • type and performance of the fire detection systems, • activation mode of the suppression system, • any restrictions in positioning and fixing the pipework or nozzles, • distance to emergency exits, • signage and lighting, • thermal conditions in the tunnel and its surrounding, and • any specific requirements for the operation of the tunnel.
From page 69...
... 69 pollution, particles from brakes, dirt and dust, and should be protected from corrosion. In systems using additives, the temperature of the firefighting agent should be taken into account for the determination of viscosity, depending on the minimum temperature in the tunnel.
From page 70...
... 70 (2nd Benelux) , a water application rate of 14 mm/min (0.35 gpm/ft2)
From page 71...
... 71 hazards in the tunnel, risk level, and tunnel geometry. Note that 1 kg (2.2 lb.)
From page 72...
... Table B.2. Comparison of water mist and deluge systems components.
From page 73...
... Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012)
From page 74...
... TRA N SPO RTATIO N RESEA RCH BO A RD 500 Fifth Street, N W W ashington, D C 20001 A D D RESS SERV ICE REQ U ESTED N O N -PR O FIT O R G .

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