Engaging the Private Sector and Developing Partnerships to Advance Health and the Sustainable Development Goals Proceedings of a Workshop Series (2017) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: PublicPrivate Partnerships for the Sustainable Development Goals
Appendix A: PublicPrivate Partnerships for the Sustainable Development Goals
Pages 93-122
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Appendix A Public–Private Partnerships for the Sustainable Development Goals A Review Document Commissioned by the Forum on Public–Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, August 2016 Prepared by Christian Acemah, Executive Secretary and Special Advisor to the UNAS Council, Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS)
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94 PRIVATE SECTOR AND PARTNERSHIPS TO ADVANCE HEALTH AND THE SDGs ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AAAA Addis Ababa Action Agenda ACSC African Civil Society Circle AfDB African Development Bank AU African Union BOOT build, own, operate, transfer CARAC Corporate Accountability and Risk Assurance Committee CSO civil society organization CSR corporate social responsibility DNDi Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative EAC East Africa community ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States FDI foreign direct investment FFD3 Third International Conference on Financing for Development ICSU International Council for Science ICT information and communications technology IEG independent evaluation group IFC International Finance Corporation LMIC low- and medium-income country MCC Millennium Challenge Corporation MDG Millennium Development Goal MoI means of implementation NCD noncommunicable disease NEPAD New Partnership for Africa's Development NGO nongovernmental organization OAU Organization of African Unity ODA official development assistance PIDA Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa PPP public–private partnership REC regional economic community
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APPENDIX A 95 SADC Southern African Development Community SAM Sustainability Assessment Matrix SDG Sustainable Development Goal UHC universal health coverage UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNSC United Nations Statistical Commission VfM value for money
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Production SDG 13: Climate Take urgent action to combat climate Action change and its impacts. SDG 14: Life Below Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, Water seas, and marine resources for sustainable development.
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SDG 17: Partnerships Strengthen the means of implementation, for the Goals and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development. THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS On September 25, 2015, more than 150 world leaders gathered at the United Nations headquarters in New York to formally endorse a new global agenda for the next 15 years.
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Released in 1987, the Brundtland Report contains what is now the most widely recognized definition of sustainable development (ECA, 2015a)
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. But this focused effort will not happen automatically; M it requires the conscious commitment of individuals working in every sector -- overnment, civil society, and private enterprise.
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. First among the AU's aspirations is, "a prosperous Africa based on inclusive growth and sustainable development," in particular a 7 percent growth rate -- the same as SDG 8 (Ighobor, 2015)
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The real eradication of poverty requires sustained, inclusive economic growth and job creation. The infrastructure required for this goal -- in water, agriculture, information and communications technology, power, transportation, buildings, the industrial, mining, forestry, and fishery sectors -- will cost somewhere between $5 to $7 trillion globally (ICESDF, 2014)
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A major focus of FFD3 was parsing the different vehicles and financial structures that can contribute to sustainable development. The AAAA reached a consensus on three major areas that circumscribe the means of implementation (MoI)
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. Although the AU, the AfDB, the ECA, the regional economic communities, and national governments have all repeatedly stated the importance of partnerships, any kind of standardized formula for the structure of these relationships remains elusive.
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In other words, Africa50 is a direct response to the common financing problems of large infrastructure projects. Africa50 is an innovative, African-led initiative that falls well in line with the narrative of Africa funding its own development and being the master of its own destiny.
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. The actual term public–private partnership, and the associated modern model of collaboration between the government and a private entity, emerged in the United Kingdom in the 1970s when neoliberal ideologies began to question the poor economic performance of state actors and the dominant Keynesian paradigm (Jomo et al., 2016)
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In line with SDGs 3 and 5, the specific development goals of HealthPhone are to address the status of women in India, to improve the care of pregnant mothers and children under 2, and to encourage breast feeding and good nutrition. When a child has diarrhea, the preparation of a simple oral rehydration solu tion can save their life.
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. Ten years later, the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg again emphasized the limits to what governments could achieve without bringing civil society, local government, academia, faith communities, trade unions, and numerous other actors -- including private enterprise -- on board (Evans, 2015)
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The private partner developed the Pikine-Diamniadio segment of the larger $500 million project. The 20.4km PPP component of the project was awarded as a 30-year concession to Société Eiffage de la Nouvelle Autoroute Concédée, a Senegalese special-purpose company owned by the Eiffage group, one of France's main toll road operators.
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Over the past decade in developing countries, private enterprise has contributed only between 15 to 20 percent of total Figure A FIGURE A-1 Private participation in infrastructure projects and investment commitments, 1990–2014.
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With a significantly broader focus than the MDGs, the SDGs could serve to reorient health governance and funding toward previously neglected areas such as noncommunicable diseases and universal health coverage (Huang, 2016)
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. Although CSOs and business have crucial roles to play in delivering the post-2015 agenda, it is world leaders who signed the SDGs, and government has the mandate to meet development goals for their people.
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With the World Bank's International Finance Corporation acting as broker and providing extensive technical assistance, the government structured a complex PPP contract for the new national referral and gateway hospital and three primary care clinics in the area that together make up the Lesotho Health Network. Following an open bidding process, the contract was awarded to Netcare, the largest operator of private health care in South Africa and the United Kingdom, which promptly formed a consortium with local companies, becoming Tsepong.
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However, as Lesotho provides universal health coverage for its citizens, people pay the same fees for care at QMMH and its clinics as they do at any other hospital in the country. Under the PPP contract, Tsepong may bill the health ministry for each additional patient treated above the cap, and the result is that payments to Tsepong have increased by almost 80 percent since 2008.
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Although social indicators are often difficult to quantify, they must be the ultimate indicator for the success of a project. Civil Society Organizations and Public–Private Partnerships CSOs can play a crucial role in localizing development efforts, an area that is often a weak point for governments and businesses.
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The Private Sector and PPPs The UN has identified private business as essential to the achievement of the 2030 Agenda. In part because the private sector offers an attractive source of funding for a plan that is well out of reach for national governments acting alone, and in part because the activities of private enterprise are entwined with the daily lives and development outcomes of people everywhere.
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Transparency is also central to their approach. SABMiller commissioned PricewaterhouseCoopers, a multinational professional services firm, to provide independent assurance over information contained in their 2016 Sustainable Development Report, including water and carbon efficiency, and gender diversity.
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2016. The roles of civil society in localizing the Sustainable Development Goals (position paper)
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2015. Expert round table forum on East Africa community posi tion on Sustainable Development Goals.
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to sustainable development goals (SDGS) : Addressing unfinished agenda and strength ening sustainable development and partnership.
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2016a. Map the interactions between Sustainable Development Goals.
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2015. The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015.
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2016b. Lesotho Health Network public-private partnership (PPP)
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