Interpreting the Results of Airport Water Monitoring (2017) / Chapter Skim
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1 Water-related issues are central to environmental programs at most airports. On a regular basis, airport staff make water management decisions to support permitting, regulatory compliance, development planning, infrastructure design, asset management, operations, and maintenance efforts.
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2 Interpreting the Results of Airport Water Monitoring To facilitate application of the guidebook contents to individual situations, the document is structured to address three fundamental aspects of water monitoring data: 1. Process of acquiring reliable monitoring data 2.
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Introduction 3 range, reference concentrations, monitoring challenges, related parameters and parameterspecific sampling considerations. These customized fact sheets can be printed.
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4 Interpreting the Results of Airport Water Monitoring were designed to provide users looking for focused guidance on the following specific situations with easy access to the material that might be useful: • Responding to an unusual observation at an outfall • Tracing contaminant sources • Making improvements to a monitoring plan • Choosing the appropriate statistical analysis • Responding to exceedance of a numeric limit or benchmark • Proposing/establishing new permit conditions and monitoring requirements For each situation, a hierarchical quick reference graphic is provided in the following sections. For each level, links are provided to applicable guidebook sections, appendices, and tools.
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Introduction 5 contaminant sources are listed in Figure 2. Click on the applicable line to be directed to the relevant area.
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6 Interpreting the Results of Airport Water Monitoring Review Monitoring Plan to Confirm It Includes Appropriate Components • I.2 Developing a Monitoring Plan to Effectively Coordinate and Implement Monitoring Activities Make Updates to Improve Data Acquisition • 1.3 Identifying Drivers and Objectives for Monitoring • 1.4 Defining Monitoring Parameters • 1.5 Identifying Monitoring Locations • 1.6 Selecting Monitoring Frequency and Extent • 1.7 Executing Monitoring • 1.8 Collecting, Reporting, and Maintaining Data • Appendix A: Field Data Collection Form • Appendix B: Field Conditions Fact Sheets • Customizable Parameter Fact Sheet Tool Make Updates to Improve Data Interpretation • 2.3 Verifying the Accuracy and Representativeness of Raw Data • 2.4 Analyzing the Data Make Updates to Improve Data Application • 3.3 Application 1: Responding to Regulatory Compliance Issues • 3.6 Application 4: Stakeholder Communication and Public Outreach Figure 3. Quick reference guide for making improvements to a monitoring plan.
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Introduction 7 I.1.6 Proposing/Establishing New Permit Conditions and Monitoring Requirements Although it is the regulator's responsibility to establish or modify permit conditions, many airports play an active role in permit condition development. Airports may choose to provide the regulator with data to support development or modification of specific permit conditions.
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8 Interpreting the Results of Airport Water Monitoring • Help develop a level of consistency in techniques and methodologies as monitoring activities progress over time • Improve the accuracy of the data • Improve the representativeness of the data • Allow decisions made on early activities to be influenced by the "end-game." For example, understanding the statistical analyses that will be used can influence the decision made on the number of samples collected. A framework for a water monitoring plan is presented in this section to promote clearer connection to the information in Chapters 1, 2, and 3.
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Introduction 9 Introduction Airport Overview Drainage Areas and Outfalls Industrial Activities and Pollutant Sources Control Measures Regulatory Background Permit Effluent Limits Benchmarks Monitoring Purpose and Objectives Terms Section 1: Monitoring Data Acquisition Monitoring Responsibilities Responsibilities for Staff and External Entities Involved with Monitoring Internal Communication Protocols Training Safety Procedures Personal Protective Equipment Monitoring Execution Monitoring Locations (include reference to stormwater pollution prevention plan map or other figure) Protocol for Initiating Monitoring Activities Qualifying Circumstances for Conducting Monitoring Qualifying Circumstances for Suspension of or Waiver from Monitoring Requirements Field Condition Documentation Procedures Monitoring Parameters Sample Collection Type Monitoring Type Monitoring Method Monitoring Frequency Monitoring Extent Calibration Protocols Maintenance of Equipment Maintenance of Monitoring Locations Reporting Standard Reporting Procedure Reporting of Exceedances Recordkeeping Record Retention Policy Data Compilation Procedures File Naming Conventions Budget Capital and Operating Costs for Monitoring Activities Section 2: Monitoring Data Interpretation Data Analysis Procedures for Evaluating Sampling Errors Procedure for Confirming Quality of Laboratory Analytical Data Statistics Used for Data Interpretation Protocol for Determining Need for Additional Data Collection Compliance Assessment Comparison of Monitoring Data to Standard Criteria Figure 7.
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10 Interpreting the Results of Airport Water Monitoring features. Descriptions should be provided of relevant current and historical activities occurring on airport areas associated with the monitoring that may contribute to stormwater pollution.
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Introduction 11 The monitoring process can also greatly benefit by adding and defining key terms in the monitoring plan. This enhances communications, reduces errors, and improves efficiency.
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12 Interpreting the Results of Airport Water Monitoring The protocol for initiating monitoring activities should be described. If the permit contains specific language describing the circumstances required to initiate monitoring (e.g., probability of precipitation greater than some quantity)
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Introduction 13 Recordkeeping Good recordkeeping can be a time saver when managing monitoring data and also a means of improving accuracy when historical data sets are used. A record retention policy, and procedures for where and how to save data, including original laboratory reports, compiled records, and summary statistics, should be clearly defined in the plan.
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14 Interpreting the Results of Airport Water Monitoring Compliance Assessment Airports may wish to define the procedures for how the acquired monitoring data will be compared to target criteria such as effluent limits, benchmarks, or performance standards in the monitoring plan. Key Takeaways Writing Monitoring Plan Section on Data Interpretation • Review the acquired data for errors and representativeness even if a sound process is in place for minimizing errors in field data collection and laboratory analyses.
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Introduction 15 the monitoring plan. This has the advantage of providing a single document to encapsulate all information associated with the monitoring program.
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