Guidebook for Preparing Public Notification Programs at Airports (2017) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 72-92
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72 A p p e n d i x A Notification Tools and Methods This appendix contains a summary of various notification approaches along with some of their key attributes. Airports have different notification demands.
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73 no fica ons should be sent in mul ple languages depending on the demographic of the area. ADA – Disabilies access This describes how the recipient processes the no fica on, such as whether the no fica on is received visually or aurally.
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74 Secure – Is the noficaon system secure? Two types of security are examined.
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75 Figure A-1 – IPAWS system representation. Effort - Cost of deployment and cost of maintenance When considering the cost of introducing or adding new technology, airport operators should also consider the cost of maintaining and securing the system.
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76 Figure A-2 – Reverse 911 process. This system allows authorized authorities to send messages via AM, FM, and satellite radio; broadcast, satellite, and cable TV; mobile phones and other network devices; and web-based applications such as email, instant messaging and RSS feeds.
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77 These notifications are excellent for location-specific emergency situations, such as evacuation notices, but also good for city and county advisories, such as boil water advisories. It also allows for templates and pre-recorded messages that can be vetted and reviewed long before the notification goes live.
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78 Direct Circuits Direct circuits include notification systems that can run independently of any other system. These can include direct activated systems such as Fire Alarm Systems (FAS)
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79 There are several benefits for airports to use social media. It allows for all types of notifications, from non-emergencies such as promotional advertisements, to extreme emergencies such as an active shooter.
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80 sent to the press for distribution. These messages are not effective at delivering initial notifications because of the time-consuming review process they must go through.
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81 Many organizations have decided to go paperless for their notifications; magazines, newsletters, and other printed material can now be accessed online, saving the company money and reducing the impact printing has on the environment. Printed Communication Type Initial Follow-up All-Clear Situation Emergency Incident Non-Emergency Audience Airlines Media Bordering Communities Local Gov't.
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82 Figure A-3 – Example of an internal network alert. All of these online options have similar disadvantages.
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83 Emails and Enterprise Instant Messaging Email has been a primary messaging platform in the business world for over two decades. While it may take some time to compose a clear and concise email, it allows for large amounts of information to be shared with many people at the same time.
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84 PASs and FASs PAS is one of the most common ways to notify customers and employees within a building. It has several benefits and few disadvantages; plus, it is often integrated with the building's FAS for large groups of people.
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85 Telephone-Based Systems Telephone-based systems can be placed into two broad categories: • Mobile phones • Landlines/Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Each category has its advantages and disadvantages, but both options allow for two-way communication.
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86 Telephone-Based Systems / Commonalities Type Initial Follow-up All-Clear Situation Emergency Incident Non-Emergency Audience Airlines Media Concessionaires TSA Local Gov't. Officials State Officials 1st Responders Emergency Mgmt.
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87 Two-Way Radios Radios are one of the most commonly used tools in airports. They are fairly mobile, they don't require the reliance on a provider for signal quality, and they have a single purpose: to contact someone on the same frequency.
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88 Runners and messengers should be used as a last resort method of notifying individuals for several reasons. If the runner is looking for a specific person, finding that person could prove to be a challenge.
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89 comprehend it. This may require a high level of reading comprehension, and messages in English may not reach non-English readers.
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90 Bullhorns / Megaphones Type Initial Follow-up All-Clear Situation Emergency Incident Non-Emergency Audience Employees Airlines Concessionaires Passengers Infrastructure Radio Land line Airwaves Cable VoIP Printed Data Does not apply Opt No Secure Yes Style 2 Way Redundancy No Dependency No ADA Auditory Visual Access Local Operator Format Audio Multiple Languages Visual Written Physical Presence Content Unlimited Streaming Quick Yes Coverage Specific Areas Inside Airport Integrated Communications Platforms (ICPs) Integrated Communication Platforms take nearly all of the above tools and methods and integrates them into a single system that, generally, can be accessed from any device with Internet access.
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91 Integrated Communication Platforms Type Initial Follow-up All-Clear Situation Emergency Incident Non-Emergency Audience Employees Airlines Media Concessionaires 1st Responders State Officials Bordering Communities TSA Local Gov't. Officials Emergency Mgmt.
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92 Table A-1. Tools and methods analysis chart.
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