Use and Potential Impacts of AFFF Containing PFASs at Airports (2017) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 10-24
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10 PFASs belong to a family of chemicals that are in a variety of products found at airports. The predominant "source" of these compounds at an airport is AFFF, used in firefighting, but these compounds can also be associated with commercial, industrial, or manufacturing applications of airport tenants.
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primer -- Background on pFaSs 11 "tail" prefer different interactions (see Figure 2-1)
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12 Use and potential Impacts of aFFF Containing pFaSs at airports 2.2 Where Did/Do PFASs Come From? PFASs were developed in the 1960s and adopted in AFFF formulations in the 1970s.
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primer -- Background on pFaSs 13 2.2.1 Firefighting In accordance with federal regulations (as detailed in Section 4.2) , AFFF is used in airport operations as a fire-extinguishing agent to prevent, extinguish, or control Class B fires (i.e., fires of flammable and combustible liquids such as crude oil, gasoline, and fuel oils)
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14 Use and potential Impacts of aFFF Containing pFaSs at airports 2.2.5 Construction Products Fluoropolymers, such as PTFE and polyvinyl fluoride (PVDF) , are commonly used in paints, acting as dispersion agents and leveling agents, as well as improving gloss and antistatic properties.
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primer -- Background on pFaSs 15 waters, the predominant forms of PFCAs and PFSAs will be their anionic forms; the predominance of these forms is due to the low dissociation constants of these compounds. However, at low pH, both PFCAs and PFSAs can exist in water in their fully protonated (acid)
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16 Use and potential Impacts of aFFF Containing pFaSs at airports 2.3.3 Environmental Factors That Affect Transport Groundwater geochemistry and soil properties can affect the ability of PFASs to attach to surfaces. Sorption of these compounds can be influenced by different soil types that contain reactive mineral surfaces and organic carbon (e.g., peaty soils or organic-rich fragments in sand)
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primer -- Background on pFaSs 17 2.4 What Are the Regulatory Requirements Regarding PFASs? The regulatory environment related to PFASs is rapidly changing.
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18 Use and potential Impacts of aFFF Containing pFaSs at airports advisories are based on the U.S. EPA's assessment of the latest peer-reviewed scientific literature and provide non-enforceable and non-regulatory guidance to state agencies and other public health officials so that they can take appropriate actions.
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primer -- Background on pFaSs 19 U.S.
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20 Use and potential Impacts of aFFF Containing pFaSs at airports suspected to be present in drinking water and do not have health-based standards set under the SDWA.
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primer -- Background on pFaSs 21 Final Soil Guideline 0.01 0.01 0.14 1 0.21 2 0.14 1 0.21 2 Soil Contact (SQGSC) 11 11 61 61 Soil Ingestion (SQG1C)
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22 Use and potential Impacts of aFFF Containing pFaSs at airports environmental and human health, with the value for human health based on consumption of fish and shellfish. The human health value represents the lowest MPC in freshwater at 0.65 ng/L.
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primer -- Background on pFaSs 23 2.5 How Might PFASs Affect an Airport? Use of AFFF (containing PFASs)
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24 Use and potential Impacts of aFFF Containing pFaSs at airports 2.5.2 Potential Sources of PFASs Potential sources for PFASs at an airport facility are mostly linked to past use of AFFF and could include the following: • Firefighting training areas where AFFFs were used. • Firefighting equipment maintenance areas (e.g., from foam tests)
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