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From page 7... ... 7 chapter two Fiber-reinForced Polymer materials FRP is categorized as a composite material consisting of fibers and a matrix resin. The fibers are responsible for providing the composite with strength and modulus, whereas the resin protects the fibers from physical or environmental deterioration. Read the entire page →
From page 8... ... 8 • Vinylester: vinylester is an alternative resin to epoxies or polyesters and is typically used for manufacturing GFRP-reinforcing bars or bridge decks. A chemical reaction called the esterification of epoxies with organic compounds produces vinylester. Read the entire page →
From page 9... ... 9 have been traditionally utilized for the cases that require large energy dissipation or toughness, such as bulletproof vests. Aramid fibers are lighter than carbon and glass fibers, whereas they provide comparable mechanical properties (approximately between those of carbon and glass fibers) Read the entire page →
From page 10... ... 10 sdohteM tseT noitazinagrO AASHTO MP22-13 Fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials for highway and bridge structures ASTM C1557 Standard test methods for tensile strength and Young's modulus of fibers ASTM D149 Standard test methods for dielectric breakdown voltage and dielectric strength of solid electrical insulating materials at commercial power frequencies ASTM D256 Standard test methods for determining the Izod pendulum impact resistance of plastics ASTM D570 Standard test methods for water absorption of plastics ASTM D635 Standard test methods for rate of burning and/or extent and time of burning of plastics in a horizontal position ASTM D638 Standard test methods for tensile properties of plastics ASTM D648 Standard test methods for deflection temperature of plastics under flexural load in the edgewise position ASTM D695 Standard test methods for compressive properties of rigid plastics ASTM D696 Standard test methods for coefficient of linear thermal expansion of plastics between –30oC and 30oC with a vitreous silica dilatometer ASTM D790 Standard test methods for flexural properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics and electrical insulating materials ASTM D792 Standard test methods for density and specific gravity (relative density) of plastics by displacement ASTM D953 Standard test methods for bearing strength of plastics ASTM D1929 Standard test methods for determining ignition temperature of plastics ASTM D2343 Standard test methods for tensile properties for glass fiber strands, yarns, and roving used in reinforced plastics ASTM D2344 Standard test methods for short-beam strength of polymer matrix composite materials and their laminates ASTM D2583 Standard test methods for indentation hardness of rigid plastics by means of a barcol impressor ASTM D2584 Standard test methods for ignition loss of cured reinforced resins ASTM D3039 Standard test methods for tensile properties of polymer matrix composite materials ASTM D3171 Standard test methods for constituent content of composite materials ASTM D3379 Standard test methods for tensile strength and Young's modulus of high-modulus single-filament materials ASTM D3410 Standard test methods for compressive properties of polymer matrix composite materials with unsupported gage section by shear loading ASTM D3846 Standard test methods for in-plane shear strength of reinforced plastics ASTM D3916 Standard test methods for tensile properties of pultruded glass fiber-reinforced plastic rod ASTM D4018 Standard test methods for properties of continuous filament carbon and graphite fiber tows ASTM D4475 Standard test methods for apparent horizontal shear strength of pultruded-reinforced plastic rods by the short-beam method ASTM D4476 Standard test methods for flexural properties of fiber-reinforced pultruded plastic rods ASTM D5083 Standard test methods for tensile properties of reinforced thermosetting plastics using straight-sided specimens ASTM D5379 Standard test methods for shear properties of composite materials by the V-notched beam method ASTM D5961 Standard test methods for bearing response of polymer matrix composite laminates ASTM D6856 Standard guide for testing fabric-reinforced textile composite materials ASTM E84 Standard test methods for surface burning characteristics of building materials ASTM E662 Standard test methods for specific optical density of smoke generated by solid materials ASTM E831 Standard test methods for linear thermal expansion of solid materials by thermomechanical analysis ASTM E1356 Standard test methods for assignment of the glass transition temperatures by differential scanning calorimetry or differential thermal analysis ASTM E1640 Standard test methods for assignment of the glass transition temperature by dynamic mechanical analysis ASTM E2092 Standard test methods for distortion temperature in three-point bending by thermal mechanical analysis ACI B.1 Test method for cross-sectional properties of FRP bars ACI B.2 Test method for longitudinal tensile properties of FRP bars ACI B.3 Test method for bond strength of FRP bars by pullout testing ACI B.4 Test method for transverse shear strength of FRP bars ACI B.5 Test method for strength of FRP bent bars and stirrups at bend locations ACI B.6 Accelerated test method for alkali resistance of FRP bars ACI B.7 Test method for tensile fatigue of FRP bars ACI B.8 Test method for creep rupture of FRP bars ACI B.9 Test method for long-term relaxation of FRP bars ACI B.10 Test method for performance of anchorages of FRP bars TABlE 4 PRoPosED TEsT METHoDs FoR FRP-RElATED MATERIAls Read the entire page →
From page 11... ... 11 bars and sheets subjected to aggressive service environments, and a bond test approach (pull-off of FRP sheets adhered to a concrete substrate) Read the entire page →

From page 7...

... 7 chapter two Fiber-reinForced Polymer materials FRP is categorized as a composite material consisting of fibers and a matrix resin. The fibers are responsible for providing the composite with strength and modulus, whereas the resin protects the fibers from physical or environmental deterioration.

Read the entire page →

From page 8...

... 8 • Vinylester: vinylester is an alternative resin to epoxies or polyesters and is typically used for manufacturing GFRP-reinforcing bars or bridge decks. A chemical reaction called the esterification of epoxies with organic compounds produces vinylester.

Read the entire page →

From page 9...

... 9 have been traditionally utilized for the cases that require large energy dissipation or toughness, such as bulletproof vests. Aramid fibers are lighter than carbon and glass fibers, whereas they provide comparable mechanical properties (approximately between those of carbon and glass fibers)

Read the entire page →

From page 10...

... 10 sdohteM tseT noitazinagrO AASHTO MP22-13 Fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials for highway and bridge structures ASTM C1557 Standard test methods for tensile strength and Young's modulus of fibers ASTM D149 Standard test methods for dielectric breakdown voltage and dielectric strength of solid electrical insulating materials at commercial power frequencies ASTM D256 Standard test methods for determining the Izod pendulum impact resistance of plastics ASTM D570 Standard test methods for water absorption of plastics ASTM D635 Standard test methods for rate of burning and/or extent and time of burning of plastics in a horizontal position ASTM D638 Standard test methods for tensile properties of plastics ASTM D648 Standard test methods for deflection temperature of plastics under flexural load in the edgewise position ASTM D695 Standard test methods for compressive properties of rigid plastics ASTM D696 Standard test methods for coefficient of linear thermal expansion of plastics between –30oC and 30oC with a vitreous silica dilatometer ASTM D790 Standard test methods for flexural properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics and electrical insulating materials ASTM D792 Standard test methods for density and specific gravity (relative density) of plastics by displacement ASTM D953 Standard test methods for bearing strength of plastics ASTM D1929 Standard test methods for determining ignition temperature of plastics ASTM D2343 Standard test methods for tensile properties for glass fiber strands, yarns, and roving used in reinforced plastics ASTM D2344 Standard test methods for short-beam strength of polymer matrix composite materials and their laminates ASTM D2583 Standard test methods for indentation hardness of rigid plastics by means of a barcol impressor ASTM D2584 Standard test methods for ignition loss of cured reinforced resins ASTM D3039 Standard test methods for tensile properties of polymer matrix composite materials ASTM D3171 Standard test methods for constituent content of composite materials ASTM D3379 Standard test methods for tensile strength and Young's modulus of high-modulus single-filament materials ASTM D3410 Standard test methods for compressive properties of polymer matrix composite materials with unsupported gage section by shear loading ASTM D3846 Standard test methods for in-plane shear strength of reinforced plastics ASTM D3916 Standard test methods for tensile properties of pultruded glass fiber-reinforced plastic rod ASTM D4018 Standard test methods for properties of continuous filament carbon and graphite fiber tows ASTM D4475 Standard test methods for apparent horizontal shear strength of pultruded-reinforced plastic rods by the short-beam method ASTM D4476 Standard test methods for flexural properties of fiber-reinforced pultruded plastic rods ASTM D5083 Standard test methods for tensile properties of reinforced thermosetting plastics using straight-sided specimens ASTM D5379 Standard test methods for shear properties of composite materials by the V-notched beam method ASTM D5961 Standard test methods for bearing response of polymer matrix composite laminates ASTM D6856 Standard guide for testing fabric-reinforced textile composite materials ASTM E84 Standard test methods for surface burning characteristics of building materials ASTM E662 Standard test methods for specific optical density of smoke generated by solid materials ASTM E831 Standard test methods for linear thermal expansion of solid materials by thermomechanical analysis ASTM E1356 Standard test methods for assignment of the glass transition temperatures by differential scanning calorimetry or differential thermal analysis ASTM E1640 Standard test methods for assignment of the glass transition temperature by dynamic mechanical analysis ASTM E2092 Standard test methods for distortion temperature in three-point bending by thermal mechanical analysis ACI B.1 Test method for cross-sectional properties of FRP bars ACI B.2 Test method for longitudinal tensile properties of FRP bars ACI B.3 Test method for bond strength of FRP bars by pullout testing ACI B.4 Test method for transverse shear strength of FRP bars ACI B.5 Test method for strength of FRP bent bars and stirrups at bend locations ACI B.6 Accelerated test method for alkali resistance of FRP bars ACI B.7 Test method for tensile fatigue of FRP bars ACI B.8 Test method for creep rupture of FRP bars ACI B.9 Test method for long-term relaxation of FRP bars ACI B.10 Test method for performance of anchorages of FRP bars TABlE 4 PRoPosED TEsT METHoDs FoR FRP-RElATED MATERIAls

Read the entire page →

From page 11...

... 11 bars and sheets subjected to aggressive service environments, and a bond test approach (pull-off of FRP sheets adhered to a concrete substrate)

Read the entire page →

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