Frontiers of Engineering Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2017 Symposium (2018) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
The Evolution of Elevators: Physical-Human Interface, Digital Interaction, and Megatall Buildings - Stephen R. Nichols
The Evolution of Elevators: Physical-Human Interface, Digital Interaction, and Megatall Buildings - Stephen R. Nichols
Pages 85-98
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 85... ...
It then examines specific considerations for megatall buildings, such as building traffic, lobbies and layout, and evacuation. The discussion considers the incorporation of new technologies and user-centered design to improve passenger experience.
|
From page 86... ...
Prime real estate in buildings and cities quickly moved from the first few floors that were conveniently close to the building entry to the top floors and penthouses away from the dust and clamor of the city street. The breakthrough in elevator safety prompted the evolution toward taller and taller cities and, eventually, today's megatall buildings.
|
From page 87... ...
ELEVATOR TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS The competing benefits and disadvantages of gravity and friction, coupled with continuous improvements in power management, building materials, and other factors, transformed elevators from purely functional devices to a central component of urban buildings and city life.
|
From page 88... ...
Rotating machinery and ropes, hydraulic pistons, or the combination thereof created the upward force to pull or push the passenger and cargo compartment up and to stop it safely, smoothly, and accurately at a desired destination. Improvements in propulsion technology enabled the control of gravity, fostered public confidence in elevators, and led to widespread success.
|
From page 89... ...
Courtesy Otis Elevator Company.
|
From page 90... ...
Courtesy Otis Elevator Company.
|
From page 91... ...
Reduced power consumption allows propulsion components to be smaller and more efficient, benefiting both the building owner and the architect in the long-term operational cost of the elevator and the building's overall energy footprint. Linear motors may offer some benefits, but they require significantly higher amounts of power than traditional means (Janovský 1999)
|
From page 92... ...
THE PASSENGER EXPERIENCE AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR Passenger experience is the art and science of matching the elevator experience to the expectations of the people riding the elevator. It is a true humanmachine interface that requires enhanced technology, an understanding of human behavior, and the smooth interaction between the two.
|
From page 93... ...
Ensuring that passengers feel safe, trust equipment reliability, reduce or eliminate their wait time, get to their destination faster, and travel in a secure, comfortable, personalized space is of paramount importance to elevator technology well beyond the early physics-based problems. CHALLENGES OF MEGATALL BUILDINGS The growing height of buildings and the desire for people to live and work at higher altitudes amplify all the challenges discussed.
|
From page 94... ...
Effective integration of these aspects is demonstrated at 7 World Trade Center, where the presentation of credentials at lobby turnstiles automatically calls the elevator within milliseconds as passengers walk the 45 meters to board the elevator. Elevator travel in very tall buildings can be enhanced by faster, smoother rides, but the demands on the propulsion system require that the journey be broken into two or more partial trips.
|
From page 95... ...
may be used to move larger populations throughout buildings, but they can also be used to segment populations and ferry people to different locations in the building. The introduction of multiple cars in elevator hoistways provides a dramatic change to the experience of riding an elevator, mandating changes to how elevators communicate with individuals who become more like the passengers of vertical trains.
|
From page 96... ...
and heavy passenger traffic: the two cars travel together but can move up to 2 meters independently via a pantograph scissor-like device between them. Courtesy Otis Elevator Company.
|
From page 97... ...
Proceedings of the Council of Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CT BUH) Conference on Cities to Megacities: Shaping Dense Vertical Urbanism, October 16–21, Hong Kong.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.