The National Academies Press

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From page 7... ... 7 2.1 Introduction Chapter 1 was about why this guidebook is needed. Before addressing the WHAT and HOW in subsequent chapters, it is vital to understand who the target audience is in addition to the needs of aging travelers and persons with disabilities. Read the entire page →
From page 8... ... 8 enhancing airport Wayfinding for aging travelers and persons with Disabilities momentum as societies across the globe struggle to accommodate their rapidly aging populations. Initially viewed as an unobtainable and expensive ideal, universal design is now recognized as a key element in sustainability since it guarantees a wider product market, limits the need for renovation or redesign, and minimizes the need for special services or accommodations (Levine 2003) Read the entire page →
From page 9... ... Understanding the Needs of aging travelers and passengers with Disabilities 9 development and proliferation of digital technologies, more and more people can now achieve a level of independence inconceivable in the past. By applying the principles of universal design as well as the strategies described below that are specific to particular disability types, airports can help their customers function independently and find their way successfully despite the constraints of these uniquely complex environments. Read the entire page →
From page 10... ... 10 enhancing airport Wayfinding for aging travelers and persons with Disabilities Principle 3: Simple, Intuitive Use; and Principle 6: Low Physical Effort. Signage includes directional reinforcement as well as confirmation that passengers are heading toward their desired destinations. Read the entire page →
From page 11... ... Understanding the Needs of aging travelers and passengers with Disabilities 11 Principle 3: Simple, Intuitive Use. Use of the design is easy to understand regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level. Read the entire page →
From page 12... ... 12 enhancing airport Wayfinding for aging travelers and persons with Disabilities Source: https://www.buffalo.edu/news/releases/2014/11/029.html Figure 2-7. Tactile map at Chicago Lighthouse for the Blind. Read the entire page →
From page 13... ... Understanding the Needs of aging travelers and passengers with Disabilities 13 with truncated domes along the edge (as shown in Figure 2-11) Read the entire page →
From page 14... ... 14 enhancing airport Wayfinding for aging travelers and persons with Disabilities Principle 7: Size and Space for Approach and Use. Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of user's body size, posture, or mobility. Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... Understanding the Needs of aging travelers and passengers with Disabilities 15 providing clear lines of sight, the elevator's glass walls are another example of Principle 3: Simple, Intuitive Use. The wide turnstile shown in Figure 2-14 allows easy approach and use by people with wheelchairs, strollers, luggage, and bicycles, as indicated by pictograms displayed prominently on the entry gate. Read the entire page →
From page 16... ... 16 enhancing airport Wayfinding for aging travelers and persons with Disabilities 2.3 Vision Loss There are an estimated 20.6 million American adults (18 years or older) who experience vision loss, defined as difficulty seeing, even with glasses or contact lenses, or who are totally blind (CDC 2014) Read the entire page →
From page 17... ... Understanding the Needs of aging travelers and passengers with Disabilities 17 Most individuals who are deaf-blind travel with a companion to assist with navigation and communication. However, under the ACAA, persons with both severe hearing and vision loss must be allowed to fly alone if they can establish a means of communication with carrier personnel and can assist in their own evacuation from the aircraft in the event of an emergency (Part 382.29) Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... 18 enhancing airport Wayfinding for aging travelers and persons with Disabilities videos and posts the captions separately as "Step-by-Step Directions". (See screenshot from one of CVG's videos in Figure 2-16.) Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... Understanding the Needs of aging travelers and passengers with Disabilities 19 Airport. Other places where additional staff may be needed are shuttle van areas where pick-up for a specific hotel is at a particular door or where shuttles serving multiple routes stop at one location. Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... 20 enhancing airport Wayfinding for aging travelers and persons with Disabilities 8. Include people who are blind or have low vision on the airport's disability advisory committee. Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... Understanding the Needs of aging travelers and passengers with Disabilities 21 4. Virtual information should be accessible and be adequate information for pre-trip planning. Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... 22 enhancing airport Wayfinding for aging travelers and persons with Disabilities is reportedly hit or miss, especially in the busy gate area, many people who are deaf do not notify the carrier or ask for any accommodation. Even though there is no requirement for the airlines to present boarding information visually, the trend is toward real-time display of boarding announcements on gate information display systems (GIDSs) Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... Understanding the Needs of aging travelers and passengers with Disabilities 23 8. Provide disability awareness training to all front-line personnel that covers appropriate language, common courtesies, and how to communicate with travelers who are deaf, hard of hearing, and deaf-blind. Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... 24 enhancing airport Wayfinding for aging travelers and persons with Disabilities Persons who use a wheelchair full time will for the most part navigate the airport in their own mobility devices and check and reclaim them at the door of the plane. They may or may not request assistance from the airline to assist with hand luggage and going through security. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... Understanding the Needs of aging travelers and passengers with Disabilities 25 tion that if a circulation route is interior, the accessible route must also be interior (U.S. Department of Justice ADA 2010 Standards, §206.3) Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... 26 enhancing airport Wayfinding for aging travelers and persons with Disabilities 2.6 Cognitive Disabilities The category of cognitive or intellectual disabilities is very broad and encompasses a wide range of conditions that can also vary widely in their impact on the functionality of the individual. A limited number of cognitive disabilities are considered in this report, specifically: • Developmental disabilities • Learning disabilities • Dementia, including Alzheimer's • Short-term memory loss Cognitive disabilities in the United States currently rank second in prevalence to mobilityrelated disabilities according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC 2015) Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... Understanding the Needs of aging travelers and passengers with Disabilities 27 Research to understand the needs of travelers with cognitive disabilities and recommend appropriate accommodations is in the very early stages partly because it has always been assumed that such individuals could not live or function independently. However, a limited number of studies have focused on how technologies such as virtual reality and location-based delivery systems can help people with intellectual disabilities navigate successfully (Bosch and Gharaveis 2017) Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... 28 enhancing airport Wayfinding for aging travelers and persons with Disabilities on the project, airports may also want to include professional experts. See Section 2.10 for additional information. Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... Understanding the Needs of aging travelers and passengers with Disabilities 29 Note: The need for assistance with activities of daily living was not asked of children under 6 years. Source: U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... 30 enhancing airport Wayfinding for aging travelers and persons with Disabilities often the case with declines in hearing, vision, or cognitive ability. As a result, they will not have sought help to alleviate the effects of the disability such as training in O&M or acquisition of hearing aids or perhaps even a walking cane. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... Understanding the Needs of aging travelers and passengers with Disabilities 31 facilities and service. According to the major U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... 32 enhancing airport Wayfinding for aging travelers and persons with Disabilities shown in Figure 2-28, which compares SUN findings with a Pew study on the use of wireless devices by the general public, finds virtually no difference when SUN respondents who own or use only a tablet are added to those using a cellphone or smartphone. Other key findings from the 2012–2013 SUN are that income plays a role in how sophisticated a person's technology is, with wealthier individuals more likely to own smartphones and tablets. Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... Understanding the Needs of aging travelers and passengers with Disabilities 33 (27 percent) Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... 34 enhancing airport Wayfinding for aging travelers and persons with Disabilities Figure 2-30 is a list of terms to use and to avoid that was developed by Open Doors Organization with input from the wider disability community. Over time, the terms that are considered appropriate change, so this list is updated regularly. Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... Understanding the Needs of aging travelers and passengers with Disabilities 35 • Create a disability advisory committee. A growing number of airports invite community members with disabilities to meet with airport stakeholders to address accessibility of facilities and services (e.g., Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Los Angeles International Airport, Minneapolis-St. Read the entire page →

From page 7...

... 7 2.1 Introduction Chapter 1 was about why this guidebook is needed. Before addressing the WHAT and HOW in subsequent chapters, it is vital to understand who the target audience is in addition to the needs of aging travelers and persons with disabilities.