Airport Passenger Screening Using Millimeter Wave Machines Compliance with Guidelines (2017) / Chapter Skim
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7 ProVision System Design and Exposure Risk
7 ProVision System Design and Exposure Risk
Pages 108-132
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From page 108... ...
It then reviews the design of the radio frequency (RF) -power elements of the system, considering the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis provided by L3.
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From page 109... ...
Using the service tool program, the technician will then place the scanner masts in "pre-cal" position, insert the calibration beam that is also used for calibration during operation, and perform an initial calibration, followed by several other calibration tests, after which the beam is removed (the masts will be moving during these tests)
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From page 110... ...
Apart from the 2 L3 Communications, 2015, TSA PV2 Scanner Operator Manual, Software Version 3.20, Report Number 8100-20601-OM, Rev A5, April. 3 L3 Communications, 2014, TSA PV1 Scanner Operator Manual, Software Version 3.20, Report Number 8100-20601-OM, Rev A4, September.
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From page 111... ...
If the red wrench icon still appears, the operator contacts L3 customer support. At this point, if no red wrench icon appears, the operator presses the menu button to return to the FDRS screen.
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From page 112... ...
If any of these scans fail, the screen will instruct the operator on next steps, which could include repeating that step, shutting down and restarting the scanner, or calling L3 customer support if faults are not cleared. Only after the OTK operations are carried out without any displayed alert or warning is the scanner ready to begin scanning passengers; the operator is instructed to allow no passengers inside until this process is completed.
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From page 113... ...
If that does not work and the FIT button appears, the operator runs the FIT process, as described in an earlier paragraph. Otherwise, the operator reboots the system; if the problem persists, the operator shuts down the system and calls L3 customer support.
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From page 114... ...
For the ProVision 2, the general description on pages 20 through 28 includes diagrams of the following: mainframe assembly, antenna frame assembly, electri cal enclosure, upper frame assembly, and operator control panel. The technical description on pages 30 through 32 includes the following topics, plus functional diagrams for each and system interconnect diagrams, are all located in an appendix: power distribution, detection, and motor control.
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From page 115... ...
During non-maintenance normal operating conditions, the arms are fully enclosed and cannot be accessed. In addition, as mentioned earlier in the discussion of the operator manual, safety labels regarding hazardous voltage and high current and moving equipment are positioned prominently on the scanner.
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From page 116... ...
A chapter in the ProVision 2 Maintenance Manual provides the recommended troubleshooting process, including a system fault logic tree to guide the user to additional resources to isolate a system fault to the faulty component (page 52 of the manual)
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From page 117... ...
• Removal and installation procedures for the calibration beam. For software, these include the following: • ASCU computer procedures -- ASCU name change -- ASCU password change -- ASCU time change -- System software installation A chapter in the ProVision ATD Maintenance Manual provides the recommended troubleshooting process, including a system fault logic tree to guide the user to additional resources to isolate a system fault to the faulty component (page 54 of the manual)
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From page 118... ...
• Removal and installation procedures for the following components: -- Outer radome panel -- Ceiling access cover -- Floor side panel -- Floor center panel -- LED fixture -- Inner radome panel movement -- Mast components, including transceiver, VC adapter, breakout board, TX/ RX manifold switch, receive antenna switch, and transmit antenna switch -- Control tower components, including 24V/48V DC power supply, GV6 motor controller, Gemini power dissipation module, power distribution board, E-stop switch and main switch/power input, and input power RFI filter, relay and MOV -- Upper frame components, including the ASCU, ISU, home sensor circuit card assembly, drive belt, motor, braking resistor, power strip and bracket assembly, and magnetic encoder and cable -- OCP touchscreen monitor and power cord -- Universal Power Supply (UPS) • Removal and installation procedures for the calibration beam.
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From page 119... ...
The manual describes the process for software Version 3.8.20 for both ASCU IIs and ASCU IIIs and for software Version 3.8.31 for ASCU IIIs. Finally, the ProVision 2 and ProVision ATD maintenance manuals also contain a comprehensive illustrated parts list for the scanners.
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From page 120... ...
A chapter in the ProVision 2 Maintenance Manual provides the recommended troubleshooting process, including a system fault logic tree to guide the user to additional resources to isolate a system fault to the faulty component.
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From page 121... ...
• Removal and installation procedures for the following components: -- Ceiling access cover -- Floor side panel -- Floor center panel -- LED fixture -- Inner radome panel movement -- ast components, including transceiver, breakout board, TX/RX M manifold switch, receive antenna switch, and transmit antenna switch -- E-stop switch and main switch/ power input -- Electrical enclosure components, including 24V/48V DC power supply, aries motor controller, and power distribution board -- pper frame components, including the ASCU, ISU, home sensor U circuit card assembly, drive belt, motor, braking resistor, power strip and bracket assembly, and magnetic encoder and cable -- OCP touchscreen monitor and power cord -- Universal Power Supply (UPS) • Removal and installation procedures for the calibration beam.
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From page 122... ...
Finally, the ProVision 2 and ProVision ATD maintenance manuals also contain a comprehensive illustrated parts list for the scanners. Finding 7.3: Maintenance of the ProVision systems returns the system to its nominal operating condition.
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From page 123... ...
above 15 dBm for more than 1 s "may cause permanent damage" 6 to the device, and the current transceiver design has the output amplifier operating in full saturation. The signal path for the system after the final output amplifier is a semi-rigid cable connecting to a manifold switch that in turn connects 12 different antenna switch modules with flexible cables.
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From page 124... ...
SOURCE: Courtesy of Erik Svedberg. module losses, are typically near 30 dB.7 The signal path losses combined with the saturated transceiver signal means that the power fed to the antenna horn is in the order of 0.00003 W
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From page 125... ...
Some of the main pub 9 ReliaSoft Corporation, "Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA)
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From page 126... ...
Recommendation 7.1: The Transportation Security Administration should require Failure Mode and Effects Analysis following established procedures to be done on any complex systems it plans to put into operation. HAZARD FROM COMPONENT FAILURE At the request of the committee, L3 provided a partial FMEA for the portion of the RF subsystem from the transceiver to the transmit antennae (failures in other parts of the RF system would not increase the subject's exposure to RF energy)
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From page 127... ...
• Output port coaxial connector -- Failure Mode -- Compromised connection on the semi-rigid cable -- Mechanism -- Loose or damaged connection -- Failure Causes -- Improper torque or assembly of precision connector -- ocal Effects -- Increased loss and high reflection coefficient at the L connection point reduces the power delivered to the manifold switch -- ystem Effects -- Reduced TX output over all antenna elements on the S antenna mast*
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From page 128... ...
• Power and control cable to manifold switch -- ailure Mode -- Compromised connection of power and control signal F ribbon cable -- Mechanism -- Loose or damaged connection -- Failure Causes -- Improper seating and engagement of locking feature -- ocal Effects -- Power loss to switch module resulting in significant L increase signal path attenuation -- System Effects -- Significantly reduced TX output* • Manifold switch control circuitry -- Failure Mode -- Damaged control circuit
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From page 129... ...
Antenna Module (x12) : • Input port coaxial connector -- Failure Mode -- Compromised connection on input signal coax -- Mechanism -- Loose or damaged connection -- Failure Causes -- Improper torque or assembly of coax connector -- ocal Effects -- Increased loss and high reflection coefficient at the L connection point reducing the power delivered to the antenna switch -- ystem Effects -- Reduced TX output to all antenna elements on the S module*
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From page 130... ...
-- Mechanism -- Loose or damaged connection -- Failure Causes -- Improper seating and engagement of locking feature -- ocal Effects -- Power loss to switch module resulting in significant L increase in attenuation of the signal path -- System Effects -- Greatly reduced TX output* • Antenna switch control circuitry -- Failure Mode -- Damaged control circuit -- echanism -- Switch integrated circuit control signals compromised, M stuck on single port selected out of sequence -- Failure Causes -- ESD damage, physical damage to components -- ocal Effects -- Incorrect switch port selection will result in RF power L being mis-directed in the signal path -- System Effects -- No TX output on many antenna ports*
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From page 131... ...
Finding 7.7: The mechanical subsystem of the ProVision does not affect the dose delivered during failure scenarios involving the scanner arms stopping or the antenna switch failing. WORST-CASE ANALYSIS OF EXPOSURE This extreme analysis addresses the question, "If the system fails, what is the absolute worst-case exposure of RF energy to the subject pushing all calculations to an extreme?
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From page 132... ...
Finding 7.8: The ProVision signal path can at best remain stable; any changes in the path can only cause further signal power loss, and there is no way to alter the design inadvertently to produce an unintentional increase in the signal power. Finding 7.9: The ProVision signal power cannot be higher than during normal operation due to the system transceiver operating at full saturation.
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