Airport Passenger Screening Using Millimeter Wave Machines Compliance with Guidelines (2017) / Chapter Skim
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4 Review of Previous Studies of Millimeter Wave AIT
4 Review of Previous Studies of Millimeter Wave AIT
Pages 39-55
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From page 39... ...
, Assessment of Health Risks Related to Use of the ProVision 100 "Millimetre Wave" Body Scanner1 • Food and Drug Administration (FDA) , Report of Measurements and Assessment for Potential Electromagnetic Interference Effects on Personal Medical Electronic Devices from Exposure to Emissions from the L3 Provision Millimeter Wave Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT)
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Test Report ETS07-009B in DHS, 2012, Compilation of Emission Safety Reports, Draft. 5 EMC International Services, "Radiated Emissions Testing and Power Density Calculations," letter from Bill Barry to Ray Blasing, Safeview, Inc., dated June 26, 2005, enclosure Misc ID 7-03 in UL, 2010, Test Report E240592-A1-IT-5 (also in DHS, 2012, Compilation of Emission Safety Reports, Draft)
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However, the results are not uniform, and several studies 8 Apave International, 2008, "Mesures des champs électromagnétiques au niveau d'un sas à ondes millimétriques ProVision 100" ("Measuring Electromagnetic Fields at a Security Portal Using Millimetre Waves: The Provision 100 Body Scanner") , RF/DIV/130, March 4, in AFSSET, 2010, Assessment of Health Risks Related to Use of the ProVision 100.
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The report's final conclusion was that the average power density over a 2 min 11 AFSSET, 2010, Assessment of Health Risks Related to Use of the ProVision 100 "Millimetre-Wave" Body Scanner, pp.
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8624-8627. 14 CDRH/FDA, 2011, Report of Measurements and Assessment for Potential Electromagnetic Inter ference Effects on Personal Medical Electronic Devices in DHS, 2012, Compilation of Emission Safety Reports, Draft.
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Risk analyses using ISO 14971:2009 (15) Emissions Measurements The CDRH repeated emissions measurements for human exposure assessment made by CKC Laboratories and corroborated those findings, concluding that the electromagnetic energy levels emitted by the L3 mmW AIT system were 1,000 times less than the safety limits determined by international standards (IEEE C95.118 and ICNIRP guideline emissions)
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The 20 Department of Homeland Security, 2012, Compilation of Emission Safety Reports on the L3 Com munications, Inc. ProVision 100 Active Millimeter Wave Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT)
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due to known susceptibility at those frequency ranges, as discussed above. Pacemakers and ICDs may respond to the presence of electromagnetic fields or intracorporeal alternating currents without direct connection to the lead systems or the device.23,24 Measurements were made of the mmW emissions within the bandwidth from the antenna array of the mmW AIT (see Figure 4.1)
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From page 47... ...
Each person or object in the mmW AIT scanner is exposed for only a minimal period of time. Measurements were made of the maximum peak E-field strength during a selected worse-case pulse emission.
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The mmW AIT exposure simulations in this study were performed using the following parameters: • Carrier frequency of 24 GHz to 30 GHz, • Primary modulation from 100 Hz to 500 Hz, 25 Several (six) orders of magnitude higher in terms of power density, from 0.27 µW/m2 to 0.38 W/m2, but still below the maximum permissible exposure of all of the guidelines.
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test report,26 dated July 2, 2010, and 264 pages in length, is essentially a series of tables of tested parameters and outcomes, designed to evaluate the safety of the system under test in terms of threat due to physical hazard, electrical shock, fire, and radiation exposure. Many of the tests 26 Underwriters Laboratories, 2010, Test Report E240592-A1-IT-5.
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, then known scan timing characteristics were used to determine the instantaneous power density from each horn in a normal scan time. Then this value was averaged over 30 min to arrive at the final value.
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Finding 4.1: The committee finds previous reports having recorded values between 3,000 and 250,000 times lower than the recommended exposure limit of 10 W/m2 from active AIT millimeter wave portals. Finding 4.2: Previous reports applied various assumptions on how to measure and average the pulsed signal from an active AIT millimeter wave portal, which might explain some of the differences in their findings.
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Provision 100 Active Millimeter Wave Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT) System, DHS/ST/TSLICC4711, Washington, D.C., January 31.
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. c CDRH/FDA, 2011, Report of Measurements and Assessment for Potential Electromagnetic Interference Effects on Personal Medical Electronic Devices from Exposure to Emissions from the L3 Provision Millimeter Wave Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT)
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EMC Internationalb During the frequency-modulated EIRP multiplied by duty cycle values, continuous wave sweep, the then converted to power density transmitter is "on" for 5.43/8.08 and corrected for distance: 4 × 10−5 µs per antenna element (−1.7 W/m2 at 2 cm from the transmit dB)
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From page 55... ...
. c CDRH/FDA, 2011, Report of Measurements and Assessment for Potential Electromagnetic Interference Effects on Personal Medical Electronic Devices from Exposure to Emissions from the L3 Provision Millimeter Wave Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT)
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