An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Material Measurement Laboratory Fiscal Year 2017 (2017) / Chapter Skim
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5 Chemical Sciences
5 Chemical Sciences
Pages 40-51
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From page 40... ...
A concise statement of the CSD mission is as follows: Supports future developments in the chemical sciences by creating state-of-the-art chemical measurement capabilities, theories and computational methods for quantitative measurements, and methods for sensing of solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, transient species, and multicomponent matrices. The division also formulates and disseminates reference materials and critically evaluates reference data used in a wide range of applications, including chemical manufacturing, clinical health assessment, food and nutritional assessment, and exposure science.2 For most of a century NIST's compilations of evaluated chemical data, structures of molecules and materials, spectroscopic and thermochemical properties, and mechanisms and rates of chemical reactions have provided essential tools for the work of almost all chemical scientists and engineers.
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From page 41... ...
ASSESSMENT OF TECHNICAL PROGRAMS Accomplishments The Inorganic Measurement Sciences Group conducts research on the measurement science that underpins the identification and quantification of inorganic chemical species in support of manufacturing and environmental stewardship. Additionally, the group develops, critically evaluates, and applies an unusually broad range of analytical methods.
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From page 42... ...
The benzoic acid is 99.992±0.005 mass fraction percent pure. Additionally, the Organic Chemical Measurement Science Group is providing standard substances to law enforcement for training dogs to smell explosives and illegal drugs and is setting up a Novel Psychoactive Substances Data Hub.
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From page 43... ...
laboratory was created at NIST in partnership with ARPA-E. It was created to advance sorption measurement science and techniques for in situ characterization of the bonding of adsorbed molecules in order to enable rational design of new materials optimized for sustainable energy and environmental processes.
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From page 44... ...
Research at the HML is also supported by the National Sea Grant College Program. The HML is home to the Environmental Specimen Bank Group, the Environmental Chemical Sciences Group, and the Marine Biochemical Sciences Group.
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From page 45... ...
Another halfdozen projects of substantial interest are also in progress. The Marine Biochemical Sciences Group's goal is to perform State-of-the-art bioanalytical measurements, in order to provide reference data, develop standards, and advance measurement sciences in support of the nation's needs for knowledge of the identity, quantity and biochemical properties of marine organisms, particularly those that have an impact on human health.7 This is clearly a very complex area of major importance.
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From page 46... ...
The steady creation of new technologies promises to bring NIST a continuing flow of opportunities to define valuable new standards and methods of measurement in order to make important contributions to the overall progress of science, engineering, technology, industry, and, as a result, to the overall economic productivity and to quality of life. At this time, the originality, insightful selection of problems, technical prowess, and analysis in exquisite detail exhibited in CSD research is both impressive and essential to the NIST mission.
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From page 47... ...
PORTFOLIO OF SCIENTIFIC EXPERTISE Accomplishments During the reorganization of the MML four years ago, NIST's chemical sciences expertise was integrated into a single division, the CSD, by combining two groups from the former Chemical and Biochemical Reference Data Division with the Analytical Chemistry Division. This process brought together experts in measurement sciences, RMs, reference data, theory, and chemical informatics.
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From page 48... ...
Systematic networking with university faculty members doing the best work relevant to NIST programs is essential for bringing in outstanding new Ph.D.'s as NIST and NRC postdoctoral fellows. The CSD's relationships with universities through JIMB, CHiMaD, IBBR, and NIIMBL will also create additional recruiting opportunities.
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From page 49... ...
The CSD staff is approximately 20 percent of the MML staff; however, none of the MML NIST fellows or administrative staff are in the CSD. In total, 115 scientific staff members and approximately 50 associates in the CSD are supported by only 4 technicians and 8 support staff.
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From page 50... ...
Neutrons are being used to study the behavior of lithium ions in operating batteries, with potential major impact on the use of batteries on the national electric grid, in transportation systems, and with almost any electronic or electrical device. The CSD's collection of marine specimens from the Marine Environmental Specimen Bank are collected, processed, and stored to provide valid historical comparisons for 50 to 100 years.
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From page 51... ...
They could both contribute to and monitor the programs and progress of the work at NIIMBL. Finally, the CSD could ensure that early progress is reported as an editorial or as news in professional and industrial magazines and journals, in addition to the usual journal articles and NIST reports the CSD publishes in.
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