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From page 94... ...
NCHRP 0 4.0 R The litera informant the state‐ The Rese developm effective proactive among ot methods being und Toolbox a relationsh matter pr As the R practices" descriptio addressin limitation approach several Checklists Table 8 lis Toolbox b in the pre short title The follow and issue literature practice in and issue from the Review (l Environm 3.3. State for Guida lists the t using the related to brevity. each quo theme. 8‐100: Environm esearch F ture review, s and, subse of‐the‐practi arch Team c ent of selec practices an involvement her topics. A and approac ertaken in s re intended ips between esented in th esearch Team , the Toolbo ns of data g environme s, benefits, or practice elements, , Reference T ts the types ased on the ceding sectio s are referred ing section s in need of review, con terviews wit s are revisit sections abo iterature rev ental Docum ‐of‐Practice I nce (interview ools that add short titles ols are gro Thus not ev te, but all t ental Justice A indings the conten quently, the ce and effect oncluded th t Toolbox ele d case exam processes, a n important hes as well a elect region to promot these exemp e 8‐step proc assessed x elements w sources and nt justice i lessons learn . As noted including T ables, and Sc and titles of t research and ns of the Res to the narra presents maj tool develo tent review h key inform ed by way o ve: 3.1. Sum iew) , 3.2. Su ent Review ( nterviews: P s)
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From page 95... ...
NCHRP 0 Table 8. S Tool Type 8‐100: Environm ummary of T Preparing Developin Inventory Using Pub Characte Using the Characte Using Foc Designing Behavior Using Tra Applying Analyzing Assessing Evaluatin Institutin Toll Acco Recycling Assistanc Examinin Tolling Fa Conducti Minneap ental Justice A oolbox Tools , Implementin g a Socioecon for EJ Assessm lic Use Microd ristics and Diff National Hou ristics and Diff us Groups in A and Impleme for EJ Analyse vel Demand M a Select Link A the Value of T User Costs an g Disproportio g Cash Replen unts for Unban Tolling Reven e as Forms of g the Spatial P cilities from A ng Citizen Pan olis‐St. Paul Re nalyses When C , Case Exam Tool T g, and Assessi omic Profile a ents ata Samples t erences sehold Travel S erences ssessing the I nting Surveys s and to Monit odels for EJ A nalysis to Asse ime / Willingn d Household B nate Effects w ishment Optio ked and Unde ue through Tra Mitigation atterns and Di vailable Recor els to Explore gion, Minneso onsidering Toll I ples, Checklis itle ng a Public Inv nd Community o Profile Trans urvey to Prof mpact of Tollin to Assess Attit or Implement ssessments ss Trip Patter ess to Pay in E urden Effects ith Quantitat ns to Mitigate rbanked Popu nsit Investme stribution of U ds Key Issues of V ta mplementation ts, Referenc olvement Plan Characteristi portation ile Transportat g on EJ Popul udes and Trav ation ns J Assessment ive Methods Barriers to Us lations nt and Low‐In sers on Opera alue Pricing, or Rate Change e Tables and Shor Pub cs ComChar Inve Usin ion Usin ations Focu el Con Trav Sele s VOT User Disp Effe e of Rep come Recy ting User Mon Citiz sPage Pa Scenarios t Title lic Involvemen munity acteristics ntory g PUMS g NHTS s Groups ducting Survey el Demand Mo ct Link Analysi / Willing to Pa Costs, HH Bu roportionate cts lenishment Op cling Toll Reve Activity itoring en Panels MN ge 95 t Plan s dels s y rden tions nue
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From page 96... ...
NCHRP 0 Tool Type 8‐100: Environm Using an Metro Re Mobilizin Louisville Targeting Louisville Selecting Mitigate Crossing, Analyzing Commute Mitigatin Region Conducti and Opin Checklist 1a. Syste 1b. Conte 1c. Stage Checklist Applicabl Decisionm Stage 1 (P Decisionm Stage 2 (P Decisionm Stage 3 (I Examples EJ Assess Qualitativ Scenario Scenario Scenario ental Justice A EJ Index to Ide gion NCTCOG g a Local Liaiso ‐Southern Indi Local Grocery ‐Southern Indi a Design Alter Adverse Effect Clay and St. Jo , Mitigating, a rs, I‐10 and I‐ g Reduced Acc ng Pre‐and Pos ions, Atlanta R 1 ‐‐ Project Fra m Attributes xt Considerati of Decisionma 2 ‐‐ Document e Requiremen akers and Sta olicy and Plan akers and Sta roject Design akers and Sta mplementatio of Resource T ment Methods e versus Quan A: Untolled Br B: Scenario B: C: Rate Chang nalyses When C Tool T ntify Affected n to Recruit C ana Ohio Rive Stores to Adm ana Ohio Rive native that Av s to a Low‐Inc hns Counties, nd Monitoring 110 ExpressLa ess via Toll Cre t‐Implementa egion, I‐85 Co ming Checklis ons king ation Checklis ts Governing T keholders: Ac ning) keholders: Ac -- including NE keholders: Ac n)
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From page 97... ...
NCHRP 08‐100: Environmental Justice Analyses When Considering Toll Implementation or Rate ChangesPage Page 97 4.1 Engage in Meaningful Public Involvement with Low‐Income and Minority Populations Literature Review: The reviewed toll pricing literature mentions some stakeholder or outreach engagement processes, but does not typically describe practical approaches taken for specifically involving traditionally disadvantaged populations, such as low‐income and minority populations in decision‐making processes. Content Reviews: Some reports mentioned public involvement strategies that were part of the report development process designed to solicit input/feedback as part of the document generation. Some reports included public involvement but to a lesser degree; making reference to other reports that included an outreach or survey component and merely citing the outcomes/findings. The remaining reports did not include any public involvement component, neither conducted as part of the process nor referenced in another study/report. In a few of the reviewed technical reports, there were discussions of some targeted efforts to provide information and solicit feedback from EJ communities.
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From page 98... ...
NCHRP 08‐100: Environmental Justice Analyses When Considering Toll Implementation or Rate ChangesPage Page 98 4.2 Define Appropriate Study Areas – Size, Level or Detail and Related Demographic Characteristics Literature Review: The literature suggests that barriers to the acquisition of transponders and toll accounts for low‐ income people should be recognized and addressed. As it affects travel patterns and the assessment of impacts, the policies and attributes of toll accounts should be addressed as early as possible – as part of the project action or alternatives under consideration during the environmental review process and before the issuance of a record of decision. Content Reviews: Most studies identified the thresholds that were used to determine what constituted an "EJ community" or community of concern. There is no uniform method for establishing the census geography or criteria for making this threshold determination. Nearly all of the technical studies and reports reviewed make use of demographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau. Predominantly, this data is used to determine low‐income and minority populations. In nearly all of the studies reviewed, "low‐income" is defined using the poverty threshold used by the Census Bureau as defined by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Data from either the decennial census or the American Community Survey was used, depending on data availability. Definitions and methods for identifying affected populations or communities of concern through spatial mapping greatly vary. First, the selection of the "study area" in many of the studies refers to a buffered area surrounding the proposed improvement/ toll implementation.
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From page 99... ...
NCHRP 08‐100: Environmental Justice Analyses When Considering Toll Implementation or Rate ChangesPage Page 99 4.3 Evaluate Travel Patterns, with and Without the Project, by Income Level Literature review: Income equity analysis would be improved by further refinements to travel demand models that support income segmentation. In a study of methods on congestion pricing projects for the FHWA, researchers (Burt et al., 2010) recommended that an assessment of EJ impacts is necessary to conduct a comprehensive travel impacts evaluation, including as many potentially significant project‐related travel changes as possible.
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From page 100... ...
NCHRP 08‐100: Environmental Justice Analyses When Considering Toll Implementation or Rate ChangesPage Page 100 4.5 Identify Potential Mitigation Measures Literature review: The literature suggests that barriers to the acquisition of transponders and toll accounts for low‐income people should be recognized and addressed. Select systems have been designed to ensure that people without access to credit cards or bank accounts are able to use transponders despite not having credit or debit cards. Puerto Rico's Auto Expreso and Florida Turnpike's SunPass are examples that permit reloading of transponders with cash (e.g., through kiosk terminals at retail and other convenient locations)
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From page 101... ...
NCHRP 08‐100: Environmental Justice Analyses When Considering Toll Implementation or Rate ChangesPage Page 101 4.7 Implement Ongoing Monitoring Literature review: Post‐implementation evaluation and monitoring is an important feature of the FHWA UPA/CRD programs. The introduction of before‐after travel survey methods appear to validate the feasibility of periodic equity assessment and compliance monitoring for examining the characterization of impacts and the effectiveness and limitations of toll implementation. One means for addressing this gap in knowledge would be the use of an equity audit tool after implementation of road pricing projects. Through periodic monitoring of project effects, the success of mitigation measures and whether differences in equity are being effectively addressed can be examined. When persistent inequities are revealed in the monitoring phase, modifications to road pricing and mitigation can be subsequently made (Ecola and Light, 2009)
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